Table 3 Selected aspects of the psychopathological assessment (PPA) as found in the study population

Physical appearance

Unkempt/inappropriate attire

370

15.5

257

19.8

113

10.4

1

< 0.001**

Disorders of consciousness, orientation, attention and memory

Disturbance of consciousness

150

6.3

110

8.5

40

3.7

1

< 0.001**

Any disturbance of orientation

301

12.6

242

18.6

59

5.4

1

< 0.001**

Disturbed apperception/concentration

1352

56.6

826

63.5

526

48.4

1

< 0.001**

Disturbed memory

520

21.8

338

26.0

182

16.7

1

< 0.001**

Formal thought disorders

Inhibited/retarded thinking

446

18.7

291

22.4

155

14.3

1

< 0.001**

Accelerated thinking

112

4.7

84

6.5

28

2.6

1

< 0.001**

Rumination

470

19.7

237

18.2

233

21.4

1

0.050

Rambling

135

5.7

85

6.5

50

4.6

1

0.042*

Tangential thinking

119

5.0

85

6.5

34

3.1

1

< 0.001**

Thought blocking/disruption of thought

41

1.7

32

2.5

9

0.8

1

0.004*

Incoherence/derailment

168

7.0

132

10.2

36

3.3

1

< 0.001**

Delusions

Delusions in general

393

16.5

294

22.6

99

9.1

1

< 0.001**

Delusions of reference

32

1.3

26

2.0

6

0.6

1

0.002*

Delusions of persecution/impairment

275

11.5

210

16.2

65

6.0

1

< 0.001**

Disorders of perception

Auditory hallucinations in general

274

11.5

206

15.8

68

6.3

1

< 0.001**

Visual hallucinations

125

5.2

101

7.8

24

2.2

1

< 0.001**

Ego (boundary) disturbances

Any ego disturbance

277

11.6

181

13.9

96

8.8

1

< 0.001**

Worries and compulsion

Fears

1200

50.3

648

49.8

552

50.8

1

0.649

Compulsions

87

3.6

50

3.8

37

3.4

1

0.566

Disturbances of affect

Perplexity

41

1.7

31

2.4

10

0.9

1

0.006*

Feeling of loss of feeling

69

2.9

45

3.5

24

2.2

1

0.069

Depressed mood

1580

66.2

852

65.5

728

67.0

1

0.461

Hopelessness/despair

380

15.9

280

21.5

100

9.2

1

< 0.001**

Anxiety

108

4.5

69

5.3

39

3.6

1

0.044*

Euphoria

28

1.2

21

1.6

7

0.6

1

0.028*

Dysphoria/irritability

270

11.3

166

12.8

104

9.6

1

0.014*

Inner restlessness

285

11.9

128

9.8

157

14.4

1

< 0.001**

Parathymia (incongruent affect)

47

2.0

39

3.0

8

0.7

1

< 0.001**

Disorder of drive and psychomotor activity

Inhibition/lack of drive

1101

46.1

643

49.5

458

42.1

1

< 0.001**

Increased drive

203

8.5

142

10.9

61

5.6

1

< 0.001**

Motor restlessness/tenseness

665

27.9

450

34.6

215

19.8

1

< 0.001**

Motor redardation

222

9.3

154

11.8

68

6.3

1

< 0.001**

Mannerisms/histrionics

67

2.8

53

4.1

14

1.3

1

< 0.001**

Other disturbances

Aggressiveness

76

3.2

62

4.8

14

1.3

1

< 0.001**

Self-harm

205

8.6

138

10.6

67

6.2

1

< 0.001**

Lack of insight into illness

355

14.9

271

20.8

84

7.7

1

< 0.001**

Circadian disturbances/disturbances of sleep and vigilance

740

31.0

387

29.8

353

32.5

1

0.155

Suicidal ideation

No suicidal ideation

1531

64.1

618

47.5

913

84.0

2

< 0.001**

1

< 0.001**

Suicidal ideation

746

31.3

591

45.5

155

14.3

1

< 0.001**

Missing information

110

4.6

91

7.0

19

1.7

1

< 0.001**

Suicidal intent

Distance to suicidal intent

2005

84.0

931

71.6

1074

98.8

2

< 0.001**

1

< 0.001**

Lack of distance to suicidal intent

241

10.1

240

18.5

1

0.1

1

< 0.001**

Missing information

141

5.9

129

9.9

12

1.1

1

< 0.001**