Table 3 Socio-demographic predictors of barriers among respondents with any 12-month mental disorder and perceived need (multivariable Poisson regression models with dichotomous outcome)

Age X²(4) p

63.97

p < 0.001*

46.2

p < 0.001*

51.61

p < 0.001*

6.53

p = 0.16

42.68

p = 0.16

5.35

p = 0.25

17–19

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

20–22

1.10

1.05, 1.15

0.99

0.90, 1.09

0.94

0.88, 1.01

0.9

0.79, 1.03

0.9

0.79, 1.03

1.12

0.96, 1.31

23–25

1.11

1.06, 1.17

0.91

0.82, 1.02

0.91

0.84, 0.99

0.97

0.84, 1.12

0.97

0.84, 1.12

1.16

0.97, 1.38

26–30

1.03

0.97, 1.09

0.88

0.78, 0.98

0.84

0.77, 0.92

1.02

0.87, 1.19

1.02

0.87, 1.19

1.22

1.01, 1.47

31

0.90

0.84, 0.96

0.70

0.61, 0.80

0.71

0.64, 0.78

0.93

0.78, 1.10

0.93

0.78, 1.10

1.13

0.91, 1.39

Gender X²(2) p

171.1

p < 0.001*

9.88

p = 0.007*

0.36

p = 0.83

4.92

p = 0.09

31.99

p = 0.09

7.24

p = 0.027*

Male

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Female

1.29

1.25, 1.34

0.92

0.85, 0.98

1

0.95, 1.05

0.98

0.89, 1.08

0.98

0.89, 1.08

0.96

0.86, 1.07

Gender non-conforming

1.32

1.19, 1.46

0.62

0.40, 0.98

0.9

0.67, 1.20

0.48

0.23, 0.97

0.48

0.23, 0.97

0.34

0.13, 0.89

Population group X2(2) p

3.6

p = 0.17

74.4

p < 0.001*

112.6

p < 0.001*

52.82

p < 0.001*

68.01

p < 0.001*

130.5

p < 0.001*

White

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Black—other

0.95

0.90, 1.00

1.44

1.26, 1.65

1.55

1.40, 1.71

1.39

1.17, 1.65

1.39

1.17, 1.65

1.65

1.29, 2.10

Black-African

0.95

0.91, 0.99

1.6

1.44, 1.79

1.62

1.49, 1.77

1.59

1.39, 1.82

1.59

1.39, 1.82

2.44

2.01, 2.96

Student Status X²(1) p

8.25

p = 0.004*

0.89

p = 0.35

0.193

p = 0.66

0.965

p = 0.33

0.136

p = 0.33

0.96,

p = 0.33

Full-time degree

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Part-time degree

0.93

0.90, 0.97

0.96

0.89, 1.05

0.99

0.93, 1.04

1.05

0.94, 1.17

1.05

0.94, 1.17

0.95

0.84, 1.08

Year in school X²(1) p

6.12

p = 0.013*

5.93

p = 0.015*

3.067

p = 0.08

0.394

p = 0.53

0.136,

p = 0.194,

0.96

p = 0.06

1st year

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

All other

1.06

1.03, 1.10

0.9

0.85, 0.96

0.94

0.90, 0.98

1.03

0.95, 1.12

1.03

0.95, 1.12

0.9

0.82, 0.98

Parent Education X²(4) p

2.94

p = 0.40

55.4

p < 0.001*

44.02

p < 0.001*

14.93

p = 0.002*

9.798,

p = 0.002*

31.46

p < 0.001*

University Graduate

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

Less than secondary

0.97

0.92, 1.02

1.36

1.24, 1.50

1.19

1.11, 1.28

1.11

0.97, 1.26

1.11

0.97, 1.26

1.37

1.18, 1.58

Secondary Graduate

0.98

0.94, 1.02

1.28

1.18, 1.39

1.23

1.16, 1.31

1.2

1.08, 1.33

1.2

1.08, 1.33

1.3

1.15, 1.48

Some post-secondary education

1.01

0.97, 1.05

1.14

1.04, 1.24

1.17

1.10, 1.25

1.1

0.98, 1.23

1.1

0.98, 1.23

1.21

1.06, 1.39

Sexual orientation X²(1) p

66.32

p < 0.001*

0.87

p = 0.35

5.703

p = 0.017*

12.7

p < 0.001*

14.656

p < 0.001*

0

p = 0.99

Heterosexual

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

All other

1.21

1.17, 1.25

0.96

0.89, 1.04

0.92

0.87, 0.98

0.84

0.75, 0.94

0.84

0.75, 0.94

1

0.89, 1.13

Institution type X²(4) p

67.79

p < 0.001*

24.3

p < 0.001*

35.78

p < 0.001*

5.221

p = 0.16

19.388,

p = 0.16

5.45

p = 0.14

HWI

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

DLU

0.82

0.78, 0.85

1.24

1.13, 1.35

1.26

1.18, 1.34

1.12

1.00, 1.27

1.12

1.00, 1.27

1.11

0.96, 1.29

HDI

0.81

0.77, 0.85

1.13

1.02, 1.25

1.17

1.09, 1.26

1.12

0.98, 1.29

1.12

0.98, 1.29

1.19

1.01, 1.39

UT

0.88

0.82, 0.95

1.3

1.14, 1.48

1.17

1.06, 1.30

1.03

0.83, 1.26

1.03

0.83, 1.26

1.08

0.85, 1.35