Table 4 Treatment guidelines

1. Alhusen and Alvarez [6]

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

•Psychoeducation (N/A; unspecified)

•Psychotherapy (CBT, IPT, group therapy; unspecified)

•Pharmacology (SSRIs; unspecified)

N/A

2. Austin et al. [11]

•EPDS (> 10)

•Psychoeducation (N/A; PCP or referral)

•EPDS (10–12)

•Psychotherapy (CBT, IPT, PDT, non-directive counseling; PCP or referral)

N/A

•EPDS (12–13)

•Combined psychotherapy (CBT, IPT, PDT) and pharmacology (SSRIs; PCP and referral)

N/A

N/A

N/A

3. Austin et al. [10]

N/A

•Undefined

•Psychoeducation (N/A; PCP and referral)

•Psychotherapy (directive counseling; PCP and referral)

•Undefined

•Combined psychotherapy (unspecified) and pharmacology (SSRIs; PCP and referral)

•EPDS (> 13)

•ECT (N/A; referral)

•ECT (N/A; referral)

N/A

•Electronic mental health support (apps or moderate online forums; self-administered)

4. Brock [16]

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

•Psychotherapy (unspecified; unspecified)

•Pharmacology (unspecified; unspecified)

N/A

5. Chua et al. [22]

N/A

•Undefined

•Psychoeducation (N/A; referral)

•Psychotherapy (CBT, IPT; referral)

•Undefined

•Pharmacology (unspecified; referral)

•Undefined

•ECT (N/A; referral)

N/A

N/A

N/A

6. Committee on Obstetric Practice [23]

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

•Psychoeducation (N/A; unspecified)

•Psychotherapy (unspecified; unspecified)

N/A

7. Curry et al. [26]

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

•Psychotherapy (CBT, IPT; unspecified)

N/A

8. Earls et al. [29]

•Undefined

•Psychoeducation (N/A; PCP)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

•Psychoeducation (N/A; referral)

•Psychotherapy (unspecified; referral)

•Pharmacology (unspecified; referral)

N/A

9. MacQueen et al. [46]

N/A

•Undefined

•Psychotherapy (CBT, IPT; unspecified)

•Undefined

•Pharmacology (unspecified; unspecified)

•ECT (N/A; unspecified)

•Undefined

•ECT (N/A; referral)

N/A

N/A

N/A

10. Molenaar et al. [50]

N/A

•Undefined

•Psychotherapy (CBT, IPT; unspecified)

N/A

•Undefined

•Pharmacology (unspecified; unspecified)

N/A

N/A

N/A

11. NICE [52]

N/A

•Undefined

•Psychotherapy (CBT, IPT; referral)

•Undefined

•Combined psychotherapy (CBT, IPT) and pharmacology (SSRIs, TCAs, SNRIs; referral)

•Undefined

•ECT (N/A; referral)

N/A

N/A

N/A

12. Nordeng and Jettestad [53]

N/A

•Undefined

•Psychotherapy (CBT, family therapy; unspecified)

N/A

N/A

N/A

•Psychotherapy (CBT, family therapy; unspecified)

N/A

13. O’Hara and Engeldinger [55]

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

•Psychotherapy (CBT, IPT, BA; referral)

•Pharmacology (SSRIs, TCAs, SNRIs, NaSSAs; unspecified)

•Electronic mental health support (apps; self-administered)

14. Rafferty et al. [57]

N/A

•Undefined

•Psychoeducation (N/A; referral)

•Psychotherapy (CBT; referral)

•Undefined

•Pharmacology (SSRIs; referral)

N/A

N/A

•Psychoeducation (N/A; referral)

N/A

15. RNAO [58]

N/A

•Undefined

•Psychotherapy (CBT, IPT; referral)

•Undefined

•Pharmacology (unspecified; PCP)

•Undefined

•Combined psychotherapy (CBT, IPT) and pharmacology (unspecified; PCP or referral)

N/A

N/A

•BLT (N/A; self-administered)

16. Robson et al. [59]

N/A

N/A

N/A

•Undefined

•Combined psychotherapy (CBT, IPT, PDT) and pharmacology (SSRIs; PCP and referral)

N/A

N/A

N/A

17. SIGN [63]

N/A

•Undefined

•Psychotherapy (CBT, IPT, PDT; PCP or referral)

•Undefined

•Pharmacology (SSRIs, TCAs; PCP and referral)

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

18. Siu et al. [65]

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

•Psychotherapy (CBT; unspecified)

•Pharmacology (unspecified; unspecified)

N/A

19. Sparks et al. [68]

•PHQ-9 (5–9)

•Psychoeducation (N/A; PCP or referral)

•PHQ-9 (10–14)

•Psychotherapy (CBT, group therapy; referral)

•Pharmacology (unspecified; PCP or referral)

•PHQ-9 (15–19)

•Combined psychotherapy (CBT) and pharmacology (unspecified; PCP and referral)

•PHQ-9 (20–27)

•Combined psychotherapy (CBT) and pharmacology (unspecified; PCP and referral)

N/A

N/A

20. Williams et al. [73]

N/A

•Undefined

•Psychoeducation (N/A; PCP or referral)

•Psychotherapy (CBT, IPT, PDT, group therapy, family therapy; PCP or referral)

•Undefined

•Pharmacology (unspecified; PCP and referral)

•ECT (N/A; referral)

N/A

•ECT (N/A; unspecified)

N/A

•BLT (N/A: self-administered)

21. Yonkers et al. [76]

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

N/A

•Psychotherapy (CBT, IPT, PDT; referral)

•Pharmacology (unspecified; referral)

N/A