Table 1 Evaluation of demographic features of the general population regarding symptoms of clinically significant depressive and anxiety
From: The mental health impact of COVID-19 outbreak: a Nationwide Survey in Iran
Variables | Frequency | Depressive symptomsa n = 1295 (%) | No depression n = 7296 (%) | ORb (95% CI) | Anxiety symptomsa n = 1733 (%) | No anxiety n = 6858 (%) | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age group (years) | ||||||||
 ≤ 20a | 894 | 199 (22.3) | 695 (77.7) | – | 221 (24.7) | 673 (75.3) | – | |
 21–30 | 2533 | 491 (19.4) | 2042 (80.6) | 1.19 (0.99–1.43) | 618 (24.4) | 1915 (75.6) | 1.02 (0.85–1.22) | |
 31–40 | 2978 | 414 (13.9) | 2564 (86.1) | 1.77 (1.47–2.14)* | 595 (20) | 2383 (80) | 1.32 (1.10–1.57)* | |
 41–50 | 1351 | 139 (10.3) | 1212 (89.7) | 2.50 (1.97–3.16)* | 222 (16.4) | 1129 (83.6) | 1.67 (1.36–2.06)* | |
 > 50 | 820 | 50 (6.1) | 770 (93.9) | 4.41 (3.18–6.11)* | 74 (9) | 746 (91) | 3.31 (2.49–4.39)* | |
Sex | ||||||||
 Male | 2888 | 330 (11.4) | 2558 (88.6) | 1.58 (1.38–1.81)* | 475 (16.4) | 2413 (83.6) | 1.44 (1.28–1.62)* | |
 Femalea | 5703 | 965 (16.9) | 4738 (83.1) | 1258 (22.1) | 4445 (77.9) | |||
Marital | ||||||||
 Single | 3544 | 697 (19.7) | 2847 (80.3) | 0.55 (0.49–0.62)* | 825 (23.3) | 2719 (76.7) | 0.72 (0.66–0.80)* | |
 Marrieda | 5047 | 598 (11.8) | 4449 (88.2) | 908 (18) | 4139 (82) | |||
Occupation | ||||||||
 Health workera | 1774 | 301 (17) | 1473 (83) | 1.20 (1.04–1.38)* | 365 (20.6) | 1409 (79.4) | 1.04 (0.91–1.17) | |
 Non-health worker | 6817 | 994 (14.6) | 5823 (85.4) | 1358 (20.1) | 5449 (79.9) | |||
Education | ||||||||
 Under diplomaa | 548 | 98 (17.9) | 450 (82.1) | – | 140 (25.5) | 408 (74.5) | – | |
 Diploma | 1590 | 220 (13.8) | 1370 (86.2) | 1.36 (1.05–1.76)* | 317 (19.9) | 1273 (80.1) | 1.38 (1.10–1.73)* | |
 Academic | 6453 | 977 (15.1) | 5476 (84.9) | 1.22 (0.97–1.54) | 1276 (19.8) | 5177 (80.2) | 1.39 (1.14–1.70)* | |
Living place | ||||||||
 House/villaa | 3238 | 478 (14.8) | 2760 (85.2) | – | 640 (19.8) | 2598 (80.2) | – | |
 Apartment | 5164 | 782 (15.1) | 4382 (84.9) | 0.97 (0.86–1.10) | 1058 (20.5) | 4106 (79.5) | 0.96 (0.86–1.07) | |
 Dormitory | 189 | 35 (18.5) | 154 (81.5) | 0.76 (0.52–1.11) | 35 (18.5) | 154 (81.5) | 1.08 (0.74–1.58) | |
Number of individuals in each household | ||||||||
 1–4 | 7109 | 1052 (14.8) | 6057 (85.2) | 1.13 (0.97–1.32) | 1404 (19.7) | 5705 (80.3) | 1.16 (1.01–1.33)* | |
 Above 4a | 1482 | 243 (16.4) | 1239 (83.6) | 329 (22.2) | 1153 (77.8) | |||
History of travel | ||||||||
 Yes | 1950 | 316 (16.2) | 1634 (83.8) | 0.89 (0.78–1.03) | 385 (19.7) | 1565 (80.3) | 1.04 (0.91–1.18) | |
 Noa | 6641 | 979 (14.7) | 5662 (85.3) | 1348 (20.3) | 5293 (79.7) | |||
Source of information | ||||||||
 Social media/interneta | 7119 | 1066 (15) | 6053 (85) | – | 1413 (20.1) | 5688 (79.9) | - | |
 Physicians and nurses | 5794 | 859 (14.8) | 4935 (85.2) | 1.01 (0.92–1.12) | 1147 (19.8) | 4647 (80.2) | 1.01 (0.92–1.10) | |
 Family or friends | 4513 | 680 (15.1) | 3833 (84.9) | 0.99 (0.89–1.10) | 886 (19.6) | 3627 (80.4) | 1.02 (0.93–1.12) | |
 Scientific articles and journals | 4101 | 556 (13.6) | 3545 (86.4) | 1.12 (1.01–1.25)* | 778 (19) | 3323 (81) | 1.06 (0.96–1.17) | |
 Television/radio | 3987 | 616 (15.5) | 3371 (84.9) | 0.96 (0.87–1.07) | 819 (20.5) | 3168 (79.5) | 0.96 (0.87–1.06) | |