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Table 1 Collaborative strategies in three types of processes

From: A heuristic model for collaborative practice—part 2: development of the collaborative, dialogue-based clinical practice model for community mental health and substance abuse care

Process types for collaboration

Specific collaborative strategies

Interactive-dialogic process

Maintaining human relationship

Walking alongside

Information sharing

Seizing the present moment

Taking the perspective of the other

Aligning & Scaffolding

Negotiated-participatory engagement process

Feedback-informing process

Putting differences to work

Negotiated partnering

Accommodating user participation

Addressing the tension between help and control

Negotiated supportive process

Helping in context

Coordinating

Pulling together

Advocating

Availing