Table 3 GSEM model investigating the reciprocal association between bulling involvement and psychological distress by gender
Bullying victimisation at Time 1 | Psychological distress at Time 2a | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Full sample | Female | Male | ||||
Coef. (95% CI) | p value | Coef. (95% CI) | p value | Coef. (95% CI) | p value | |
Not involved (ref.) | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – | 1.0 | – |
Victims | 0.85 (− 0.12–1.82) | 0.09 | 0.11 (− 1.15–1.38) | 0.86 | 1.41 (− 0.08–2.90) | 0.06 |
Bully-victims | 1.82* (0.30–3.35) | 0.02 | 1.77* (− 0.01–3.55) | 0.051 | 1.78 (− 0.36–3.91) | 0.10 |
Psychological distress at Time 1 | Bullying victimisation at Time 2b (Ref: not involved) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Full sample | Female | Male | ||||
RRs (95% CI) | RRs (95% CI) | RRs (95% CI) | ||||
Victims | Bully-victims | Victims | Bully-victims | Victims | Bully-victims | |
Psychological distress | 1.03* (1.00–1.05) | 1.03* (1.00–1.07) | 1.05** (1.01–1.09) | 1.02 (0.97–1.08) | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | 1.05* (1.00–1.09) |