Table 1 Descriptive statistics of key variables across times by gender
Variables | Full sample | Female | Male | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Mean (SD) or % | N | Mean (SD) or % | N | Mean (SD) or % | ||
Age at Time 1 | 1424 | 13.71 (1.89) | 782 | 13.92 (1.86) | 642 | 13.45 (1.89) | 0.000 |
Sibling conflict | 1424 | 2.24 (1.01) | 782 | 2.36 (1.00) | 642 | 2.09 (1.0) | 0.000 |
Witness to parental violence | 1424 | 3.11 (1.30) | 782 | 3.19 (1.30) | 642 | 3.02 (1.28) | 0.011 |
Family structure | |||||||
 Living together | 1221 | 87.78 | 668 | 87.32 | 553 | 88.34 | 0.564 |
 Others (separated, divorced) | 170 | 12.22 | 97 | 12.68 | 73 | 11.66 |  |
Bullying victimisation at Time 1 | |||||||
 Not involved | 867 | 60.88 | 521 | 66.62 | 346 | 53.89 |  |
 Victim | 373 | 26.19 | 169 | 21.61 | 204 | 31.78 | 0.000 |
 Bully-victim | 134 | 9.41 | 64 | 8.18 | 70 | 10.90 |  |
 Bully | 50 | 3.51 | 28 | 3.58 | 22 | 3.43 |  |
Bullying victimisation at Time 2 | |||||||
 Not involved | 1127 | 79.14 | 632 | 80.82 | 495 | 77.10 |  |
 Victim | 188 | 13.20 | 99 | 12.66 | 89 | 13.86 | 0.268 |
 Bully-victim | 76 | 5.34 | 36 | 4.60 | 40 | 6.23 |  |
 Bully | 33 | 2.32 | 15 | 1.92 | 18 | 2.80 |  |
Depressive symptoms at Time 1 | 1424 | 14.73 (8.99) | 782 | 15.21 (9.06) | 642 | 14.15 (8.87) | 0.025 |
Depressive symptoms at Time 2 | 1424 | 15.10 (9.64) | 782 | 14.91 (9.21) | 642 | 15.34 (10.15) | 0.40 |
Psychological distress at Time 1 | 1424 | 19.39 (7.42) | 782 | 19.69 (7.20) | 642 | 19.03 (7.67) | 0.10 |
Psychological distress at Time 2 | 1424 | 19.29 (8.12) | 782 | 19.45 (7.76) | 642 | 19.09 (8.53) | 0.40 |
Suicidal ideation at Time 1 | |||||||
 No | 1220 | 85.67 | 661 | 84.53 | 559 | 87.07 |  |
 Yes | 204 | 14.33 | 121 | 15.47 | 83 | 12.93 | 0.173 |
Suicidal ideation at Time 2 | |||||||
 No | 1241 | 87.15 | 677 | 86.57 | 564 | 87.85 | 0.473 |
 Yes | 183 | 12.85 | 105 | 13.43 | 78 | 12.15 |  |