Direct medical costs for patients with schizophrenia: a 4-year cohort study from health insurance claims data in Guangzhou city, Southern China

Table 3 Annual direct medical costs per patient by insurance type (Four Periods)

Baseline	Overall	UEBMI	URBMI	P-value
Baseline	n = 2971	n = 1760	n = 1211	P-value
Total costs
Mean (CNY)	41,972.4	42,543.1	41,143.0	0.021
SD (CNY)	22,741.3	24,250.8	20,330.0
Out-of-pocket (%)	13.0%	12.7%	13.5%
Inpatient costs	n = 2971	n = 1760	n = 1211
Mean (CNY)	41,780.9	42,375.1	40,917.3	0.018
SD (CNY)	22,909.3	24,390.3	20,547.0
Out-of-pocket (%)	14.3%	14.0%	14.7%
Reimbursement (%)	76.1%	85.8%	61.5%
Aid (%)	9.6%	0.2%	23.8%
Outpatient costs	n = 329	n = 216	n = 113
Mean (CNY)	191.5	168.0	225.7	0.031
SD (CNY)	747.5	607.2	913.0
Out-of-pocket (%)	63.6%	53.9%	74.1%
Reimbursement (%)	36.4%	46.1%	25.9%

Follow-up: first year	Overall	UEBMI	URBMI	P-value
Follow-up: first year	n = 2021	n = 1145	n = 876	P-value
Total costs
Mean (CNY)	55,934.5	57,369.7	54,058.6	< 0.001
SD (CNY)	19,779.9	21,320.6	17,397.7
Out-of-pocket (%)	12.3%	10.7%	14.5%
Inpatient costs	n = 2021	n = 1145	n = 876
Mean (CNY)	55,887.6	57,332.8	53,998.5	< 0.001
SD (CNY)	19,851.0	21,376.4	17,492.4
Out-of-pocket (%)	12.9%	11.2%	15.2%
Reimbursement (%)	77.6%	88.8%	62.1%
Aid (%)	9.5%	0.0%	22.7%
Outpatient costs	n = 69	n = 41	n = 28
Mean (CNY)	47.0	36.9	60.1	0.676
SD (CNY)	339.7	273.3	410.5
Out-of-pocket (%)	67.0%	55.5%	76.4%
Reimbursement (%)	32.9%	44.6%	23.6%

Follow-up: second year	Overall	UEBMI	URBMI	P-value
Follow-up: second year	n = 1901	n = 1079	n = 822	P-value
Total costs
Mean (CNY)	55,778.4	57,326.6	53,746.0	< 0.001
SD (CNY)	18,646.0	20,107.1	16,323.7
Out-of-pocket (%)	8.7%	10.7%	5.9%
Inpatient costs	n = 1901	n = 1079	n = 822
Mean (CNY)	55,732.3	57,287.6	53,690.7	< 0.001
SD (CNY)	18,725.5	20,178.4	16,416.4
Out-of-pocket (%)	8.7%	10.7%	5.9%
Reimbursement (%)	77.7%	88.9%	62.1%
Aid (%)	13.6%	0.4%	32.0%
Outpatient costs	n = 44	n = 22	n = 22
Mean (CNY)	46.1	39.0	55.3	0.356
SD (CNY)	379.8	360.5	403.8
Out-of-pocket (%)	68.6%	58.1%	78.4%
Reimbursement (%)	31.3%	41.9%	21.6%

Follow-up: third year	Overall	UEBMI	URBMI	P-value
Follow-up: third year	n = 1754	n = 988	n = 766	P-value
Total costs
Mean (CNY)	56,544.1	60,163.7	51,875.6	< 0.001
SD (CNY)	21,283.6	22,155.4	19,130.6
Out-of-pocket (%)	8.2%	9.5%	6.1%
Inpatient costs (n = 1229)	n = 1754	n = 988	n = 766
Mean (CNY)	56,502.7	60,145.2	51,804.5	< 0.001
SD (CNY)	21,346.2	22,195.0	19,218.0
Out-of-pocket (%)	8.1%	9.5%	6.0%
Reimbursement (%)	77.6%	88.1%	61.9%
Aid (%)	14.3%	2.4%	32.1%
Outpatient costs	n = 34	n = 14	n = 20
Mean (CNY)	41.4	18.4	71.1	0.069
SD (CNY)	480.4	273.5	656.4
Out-of-pocket (%)	76.6%	57.4%	83.0%
Reimbursement (%)	23.4%	42.8%	17.0%

P-values are based on the Mann–Whitney test. All costs were based on a constant 2014 Chinese Yuan (CNY)
UEBMI Urban Employee Basic Medical Insurance scheme, URBMI Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance scheme, SD standard deviation

ISSN: 1752-4458