Table 3 Factors derived from the Japanese version of the 16-item RKI: an item factor analysis with the maximum likelihood method and promax rotation (N = 299)

11

Recovery is not as relevant for those who are actively psychotic or abusing substances

10

Only people who are clinically stable should be involved in making decisions about their care

2

People receiving psychiatric/substance abuse treatment are unlikely to be able to decide their own treatment and rehabilitation goals

14

There is little that professionals can do to help a person recover if he/she is not ready to accept his/her illness/condition or need for treatment

19

The more a person complies with treatment, the more likely he/she is to recover

18

The idea of recovery is most relevant for those people who have completed, or are close to completing, active treatment

16

Symptom reduction is an essential component of recovery

17

Expectations and hope for recovery should be adjusted according to the severity of a person’s illness/condition

15

Recovery is characterized by a person making gradual steps forward without major steps back

12

Defining who one is, apart from his/her illness/condition, is an essential component of recovery

20

Other people who have a serious mental illness or are recovering from substance abuse can be as instrumental to a person’s recovery as mental health professionals

8

The pursuit of hobbies and leisure activities is important for recovery

6

People with mental illness/substance abuse should not be burdened with the responsibilities of everyday life

7

Recovery in serious mental illness/substance abuse is achieved by following a prescribed set of procedures

9

It is the responsibility of professionals to protect their clients against possible failures and disappointments

3

All professionals should encourage clients to take risks in the pursuit of recovery