Table 2 Characteristics and main findings of systematic reviews summarizing the prevalence of PTSD, depression and anxiety

Alemi et al. [10]

Afghan asylum seekers or refugees of all age groups, resettled in western countries, with a length of residence between 3 days and 21 years

17 (1250)

PTSD

25.4–50%

Not reported

Depression

54.7–57%

Anxiety

12–39.3%

Bogic et al. [17]

Adult war-refugees 5 years or longer after displacement (including a proportion residing outside western countries)

29 (16,010)

PTSD

4.4–86%

Not reported

Depression

2.3–80%

Anxiety

20.3–88%

Bronstein and Montgomery [13]

Refugee children and adolescents (<25 years) resettled in western countries

22 (3003)

PTSD

19–54%

36.0%

Depression

3–30%

18.0%

Fazel et al. [8]

Refugees of all age groups resettled in western countries

25 (7003)

PTSD^a

3–18%

9.0% (99% CI 8.0–10.0%)

Depression^a

2–10%

5% (99% CI 4.0–6.0%)

Anxiety^a

Not reported

4% (99% CI 3.0–6.0%)

Keyes [18]

Adult and children refugees resettled in low, middle and high income countries

12 (2065)

PTSD

12–86%

Not reported

Depression

16–80%

Anxiety

6%

Lindert et al. [9]

Adult and adolescent refugees resettled in low, middle and high income countries

35 (24,051)

PTSD

4–68%

36.0% (95% CI 23.0–49.0%)

Depression

3–81%

44.0% (95% CI 27.0–62.0%)

Anxiety

5–90%

40.0% (95% CI 17.0–64.0%)

Mills et al. [14]

Adult and children Tibetan refugees in lower middle income country

5 (926)

PTSD

11–23%

Not reported

Depression

11.5–57%

Anxiety

25–77%

Mills et al. [15]

Bhutanese torture refugees resettled in refugee camps in Nepal

6 (4712)

PTSD

14–43%

Not reported

Depression

2–25%

Anxiety

4–43%

Quosh et al. [16]

Adult and children Iraqi and Syrian refugees resettled in lower and upper middle income countries

44 (about 65,000)

PTSD

0.2–76.5%

Not reported

Depression

16.67–89.5%

Anxiety

15.6–81.6%

Robjant et al. [11]

Adult, adolescent or children detained asylum seekers or refugees resettled in Australia, UK, USA

10 (877)

PTSD

27–50%

Not reported

Depression

59–100%

Anxiety

77%

Slewa-Younan et al. [12]

Adult Iraqi asylum seekers or refugees resettled in western countries

8 (2148)

PTSD

8–37.2%

25.0%

Depression

28.3–75%

43.0%

Steel et al. [2]

Adult asylum seekers or refugees and other conflict-affected populations resettled in low, middle and high income countries

161 (81,866)

PTSD

0–99%

30.6% (95% CI 26.3–35.2%)

Depression

3–85.5%

30.8% (95% CI 26.3–35.6%)

Storm and Engberg [19]

Adult detained asylum seekers, torture survivors and refugees resettled in low, middle and high income countries

15 (1716)

PTSD

50–86%

Not reported

Depression

76.4–100%

Anxiety

72–77%