Table 3 Associations of demographic, socioeconomic and clinical variables and presence of depression or symptoms* in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), N = 75
Characteristic | Proportion with life time post PD depression or symptoms (%)a | Odd ratio (95 % confidence interval) | Adjusted odd ratio (95 % confidence interval) |
|---|---|---|---|
Sex | |||
Male | 34/54 (62.9 %) | 1.27 (0.46–3.56) | – |
Female | 12/21 (57.1 %) | 1 | |
Level of Education | |||
Less than grade 10 | 25/38 (65.7 %) | 1.46 (0.56–3.73) | – |
More than grade 10 | 21/37 (56.7 %) | 1 | |
Current employment b | |||
Yes | 25/46 (54.3 %) | 1.69 (0.66–4.32) | – |
No | 21/29 (72.4 %) | 1 | |
Monthly per capita income | |||
Less than LKR 10,000 | 18/22 (81.8 %) | 4.01 (1.12–13.48)c | 4.05 (1.08–15.15)c |
More than LKR 10,000 | 28/53 (52.8 %) | 1 | 1 |
Bradykinesia | |||
Yes | 16/18 (88.8 %) | 7.20 (1.51–34.23)c | 10.39 (2.08–51.72)c |
No | 30/57 (52.6 %) | 1 | 1 |
Tremor | |||
Yes | 34/54 (62.9 %) | 1.28 (0.44–4.16) | – |
No | 12/18 (66.7 %) | 1 | |
Diabetes | |||
Yes | 10/16 (62.5 %) | 1.06 (0.34–3.33) | – |
No | 36/59 (61.0 %) | 1 | |
Hypertension | |||
Yes | 11/23 (47.8 %) | 0.44 (0.16–1.21) | – |
No | 35/52 (67.3 %) | 1 | |
Depression in a first degree relative | |||
Yes | 7/7 (100 %) | Infinity | Not applicable |
No | 0/68 (0 %) | ||
Having PD for more than 5 years | |||
Yes | 32/47 (68.1 %) | 0.47 (0.18–1.23) | – |
No | 14/28 (50.0 %) | 1 | |