Table 5 Key principles of CBPR as outlined by Israel et al. [38] [46: 178–180]

1.

Recognizes community as a unit of identity central to CBPR;

2.

Builds on strengths and resources within the community;

3.

Facilitates collaborative partnerships in all phases of the research (e.g., shared control and equitable participation);

4.

Integrates knowledge and action for mutual benefit of all partners;

5.

Promotes a co-learning and empowering process that attends to social inequalities;

6.

Involves a cyclical and iterative process;

7.

Addresses health from both positive and ecological perspectives – attending to biomedical, social, economic, cultural, historical, and political factors as determinants of health and disease/illness; and,

8.

Disseminates findings and knowledge gained to all partners.