Table 2 Sample characteristics: pre-reform and post-reform groups from the SMI-O sample
Variable | Pre-reform | Post-reform | Test of difference |
|---|---|---|---|
N | 451 | 198 | |
Female | 53.66% | 62.64% | χ2(df = 1) = 4.25, p < 0.05 |
Mean birthyear (SD) | 1937 (11) | 1937 (11) | |
Diagnosis at First SMI-O Survey | χ2 (df = 5) = 126.55, p < 0.01 | ||
Drug addiction | 2.56% | 6.55% | |
Psychosis | 52.56% | 30.33% | |
Depression | 22.16% | 25.41% | |
Neurosis | 11.65% | 26.23% | |
Personality disorder | 6.53% | 6.56% | |
Other | 4.54% | 4.92% | |
Civil status at age 65 | χ2 (df = 3) = 10.54, p < 0.05 | ||
Married | 15.36% | 23.48% | |
Never married | 46.43% | 34.78% | |
Divorced | 33.21% | 30.43% | |
Widowed | 5.00% | 11.30% | |
Education | χ2 (df = 6) = 3.01, ns | ||
Less than 9 years | 45.39% | 41.48% | |
9 years | 12.53% | 13.07% | |
Up to 2 years secondary education | 26.48% | 25.57% | |
3 years secondary education | 4.73% | 6.82% | |
Less than 3 years post-secondary | 6.86% | 7.39% | |
More than 3 years post-secondary | 3.78% | 5.68% | |
Post-graduate education | 0.24% | 0.00% | |
Mean year of first institutionalization (SD) | 1975.9 (5.74) | 1992.8 (6.99) | t(647) = 32.44, p < 0.01 |
Mean age at first institutionalization (SD) | 38.46 (11.92) | 54.55 (12.30) | t(647) = 15.24, p < 0.01 |
Mean number of stays at institution (SD) | 47.96 (46.16) | 44.74 (47.04) | t(647) = 0.82, ns |
Mean total years institutionalization (SD) | 4.26 (6.97) | 0.48 (0.62) | t(647) = 7.64, p < 0.01 |
Mean length of stay: days (SD) | 99.37 (329.4) | 10.59 (23.79) | t(647) = 3.80, p < 0.01 |
Mean age at first SMI-O survey (SD) | 61.83 (11.27) | 63.45 (11.25) | t(647) = 1.68, ns |