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Table 4 Bivariate predictors of effective coverage and its components among those with 12-Month major depressive disorder, in all countries (n = 3341)

From: Determinants of effective treatment coverage for major depressive disorder in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

 

Among those with 12-month MDD (n=3,341), received contact coveragea

Among those with contact coverage (n=1398)

Among those with 12-month MDD (n=3341), received effective coverage

Received any pharmacotherapy

Received adequate pharmacotherapy

Received any psychotherapy

Received adequate psychotherapy

OR

(95% CI)

F test

OR

(95% CI)

F test

OR

(95% CI)

F test

OR

(95% CI)

F test

OR

(95% CI)

F test

OR

(95% CI)

F test

FDR†

Age

                   

 18-29

0.8

(0.6-1.1)

10.4*

0.4*

(0.2-0.7)

9.9*

0.8

(0.5-1.4)

1.7

2.9*

(1.7-5.0)

6.1*

2.6*

(1.5-4.3)

5.1*

1.1

(0.6-1.8)

3.6*

0.041

 30-44

1.1

(0.8-1.5)

 

0.8

(0.4,1.3)

 

1.2

(0.8-2.0)

 

2.9*

(1.7-4.8)

 

2.8*

(1.6-4.7)

 

1.6*

(1.0-2.6)

  

 45-59

1.5*

(1.1-2.1)

 

1.2

(0.7-2.0)

 

1.3

(0.9-2.0)

 

2.0*

(1.2-3.4)

 

1.9*

  

1.6*

(1.0-2.6)

  

 60+ (Ref)

REF

  

REF

  

REF

  

REF

  

REF

  

REF

   

Income

                   

 Low

0.7*

(0.5-0.9)

3.0*

0.9

(0.6-1.4)

0.7

0.8

(0.5–1.3)

0.7

0.6*

(0.4–0.9)

2.8*

0.6

(0.4–1.0)

2.3

0.6*

(0.4–0.8)

3.3*

0.055

 Low-average

0.7*

(0.5–1.0)

 

0.7

(0.4–1.2)

 

0.9

(0.6,–.5)

 

0.8

(0.5–1.3)

 

0.8

(0.5–1.3)

 

0.8

(0.5–1.1)

  

 Average-high

0.7*

(0.6–0.9)

 

0.8

(0.5–1.3)

 

0.7

(0.5–1.1)

 

0.6*

(0.4–0.9)

 

0.6*

(0.4–1.0)

 

0.6*

(0.4–0.9)

  

 High (Ref)

REF

  

REF

  

REF

  

EF

  

REF

  

REF

   

Level of education

                   

 Low

0.8

(0.6–1.1)

3.0*

1.2

(0.7–1.9)

0.2

0.6*

(0.4–1.0)

2.0

0.4*

(0.3–0.7)

7.3*

0.5*

(0.3–0.7)

5.6*

0.4*

(0.3–0.6)

7.0*

0.001

 Low-average

0.7*

(0.5–0.9)

 

1.0

(0.6–1.6)

 

0.8

(0.5–1.1)

 

0.6*

(0.4–0.9)

 

0.5*

(0.3–0.8)

 

0.6*

(0.4–0.8)

  

 Average-high

0.7*

(0.5–0.9)

 

1.2

(0.7–1.8)

 

1.0

(0.7–1.6)

 

0.9

(0.6–1.4)

 

0.9

(0.6–1.4)

 

0.8

(0.6–1.1)

  

 High (Ref)

REF

  

REF

  

REF

  

REF

  

REF

  

REF

   

Type of insurance

                   

 None (Ref)

REF

  

REF

  

REF

  

REF

  

REF

  

REF

   

 Direct private/optional insurance

2.2*

(1.4–3.2)

6.8

1.1

(0.6–2.1)

0.1

0.9

(0.4–1.8)

0.2

1.4

(0.7–2.6)

2.8

1.7

(0.8–3.4)

3.7*

2.4*

(1.2–5.0)

4.3*

0.042

 Any other types of insurance

1.3

(1.0–1.8)

 

1.1

(0.7–1.9)

 

0.8

(0.4–1.5)

 

0.8

(0.4–1.5)

 

0.9

(0.5–1.8)

 

1.4

(0.7–2.5)

  

Insurance

                   

 Direct private/optional insurance (yes)

1.7*

(1.2–2.4)

9.8*

1.0

(0.7–1.5)

0.0

1.0

(0.6–1.7)

0.1

1.6*

(1.1–2.4)

5.3*

1.8*

(1.2–2.7)

7.4*

1.8*

(1.2–2.8)

7.8*

0.022

Severity

                   

 Severe (Ref.)

REF

  

REF

  

REF

  

REF

  

REF

  

REF

   

 Moderate

0.5*

(0.4–0.6)

35.1*

0.7*

(0.5–0.9)

8.2*

0.6*

(0.4–0.9)

5.8*

0.7

(0.5–1.0)

4.8*

0.7

(0.5–1.0)

5.2*

1.4*

(1.0–1.9)

3.4*

0.073

 Mild

0.4*

(0.3–0.5)

 

0.4*

(0.2–0.6)

 

0.5*

(0.3–0.8)

 

0.5*

(0.3–0.8)

 

0.5*

(0.3–0.8)

 

0.9

(0.6–1.4)

  
  1. MDD major depressive disorder; OR odds ratio; CI confidence interval
  2. *Significant at the 0.05 level, two-sided test
  3. aModels are bivariate with each demographic predictor in separate models, controlling for country dummies. The following variables were non-significant: gender, marital status, employment status and survey year
  4. †FDR: False discovery rate adjustment for multiple testing implementing the Benjamini-Hockberg method
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International Journal of Mental Health Systems

ISSN: 1752-4458