Determinants of effective treatment coverage for major depressive disorder in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

Vigo, Daniel V.; Kazdin, Alan E.; Sampson, Nancy A.; Hwang, Irving; Alonso, Jordi; Andrade, Laura Helena; Ayinde, Olatunde; Borges, Guilherme; Bruffaerts, Ronny; Bunting, Brendan; de Girolamo, Giovanni; Florescu, Silvia; Gureje, Oye; Haro, Josep Maria; Harris, Meredith G.; Karam, Elie G.; Karam, Georges; Kovess-Masfety, Viviane; Lee, Sing; Navarro-Mateu, Fernando; Posada-Villa, José; Scott, Kate; Stagnaro, Juan Carlos; Have, Margreet ten; Wu, Chi-Shin; Xavier, Miguel; Kessler, Ronald C.

doi:10.1186/s13033-022-00539-6

International Journal of Mental Health Systems

Table 1 WMH sample characteristics by World Bank income categories

From: Determinants of effective treatment coverage for major depressive disorder in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

Country^a	Survey^b	Sample characteristics^c	Field dates	Age range	Sample size		Response rate^d
Country^a	Survey^b	Sample characteristics^c	Field dates	Age range	Part I	Part II	Response rate^d
I. Low and Middle-income countries
Brazil—São Paulo	São Paulo Megacity	São Paulo metropolitan area	2005–8	18–93	5037	2942	81.3
Colombia	NSMH	All urban areas of the country (approximately 73% of the total national population)	2003	18–65	4426	2381	87.7
Colombia – Medellín	MMHHS	Medellin metropolitan area	2011–12	19–65	3261	1673	97.2
Lebanon	LEBANON	Nationally representative	2002–3	18–94	2857	1031	70.0
Mexico	M-NCS	All urban areas of the country (approximately 75% of the total national population)	2001–2	18–65	5782	2362	76.6
Nigeria	NSMHW	21 of the 36 states in the country, representing 57% of the national population. The surveys were conducted in Yoruba, Igbo, Hausa and Efik languages	2002–4	18–100	6752	2143	79.3
Romania	RMHS	Nationally representative	2005–6	18–96	2357	2357	70.9
Total					(30,472)	(14,889)	80.1
II. High-income countries
Argentina	AMHES	Eight largest urban areas of the country (approximately 50% of the total national population)	2015	18–98	3927	2116	77.3
Belgium	ESEMeD	Nationally representative. The sample was selected from a national register of Belgium residents	2001–2	18–95	2419	1043	50.6
France	ESEMeD	Nationally representative. The sample was selected from a national list of households with listed telephone numbers	2001–2	18–97	2894	1436	45.9
Germany	ESEMeD	Nationally representative	2002–3	19–95	3555	1323	57.8
Italy	ESEMeD	Nationally representative. The sample was selected from municipality resident registries	2001–2	18–100	4712	1779	71.3
Netherlands	ESEMeD	Nationally representative. The sample was selected from municipal postal registries	2002–3	18–95	2372	1094	56.4
Portugal	NMHS	Nationally representative	2008–9	18–81	3849	2060	57.3
Spain	ESEMeD	Nationally representative	2001–2	18–98	5473	2121	78.6
Spain—Murcia	PEGASUS- Murcia	Murcia region. Regionally representative	2010–12	18–96	2621	1459	67.4
United States	NCS-R	Nationally representative	2001–3	18–99	9282	5692	70.9
Total					(41,104)	(20,123)	64.4
III. Total^e					(71,576)	(35,012)	70.3

^aThe World Bank (2012) Data. Accessed May 12, 2012 at: http://data.worldbank.org/country. Some of the WMH countries have moved into new income categories since the surveys were conducted. The income groupings above reflect the status of each country at the time of data collection. The current income category of each country is available at the preceding URL
^bNSMH (The Colombian National Study of Mental Health); MMHHS (Medellín Mental Health Household Study); LEBANON (Lebanese Evaluation of the Burden of Ailments and Needs of the Nation); M-NCS (The Mexico National Comorbidity Survey); NSMHW (The Nigerian Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing); RMHS (Romania Mental Health Survey); AMHES (Argentina Mental Health Epidemiologic Survey); ESEMeD (The European Study Of The Epidemiology Of Mental Disorders); NMHS (Portugal National Mental Health Survey); PEGASUS-Murcia (Psychiatric Enquiry to General Population in Southeast Spain-Murcia);NCS-R (The US National Comorbidity Survey Replication)
^cMost WMH surveys are based on stratified multistage clustered area probability household samples in which samples of areas equivalent to counties or municipalities in the US were selected in the first stage followed by one or more subsequent stages of geographic sampling (e.g., towns within counties, blocks within towns, households within blocks) to arrive at a sample of households, in each of which a listing of household members was created and one or two people were selected from this listing to be interviewed. No substitution was allowed when the originally sampled household resident could not be interviewed. These household samples were selected from Census area data in all countries other than France (where telephone directories were used to select households) and the Netherlands (where postal registries were used to select households). Several WMH surveys (Belgium, Germany, Italy, Spain-Murcia) used municipal, country resident or universal health-care registries to select respondents without listing households. 10 of the 17 surveys are based on nationally representative household samples
^dThe response rate is calculated as the ratio of the number of households in which an interview was completed to the number of households originally sampled, excluding from the denominator households known not to be eligible either because of being vacant at the time of initial contact or because the residents were unable to speak the designated languages of the survey. The weighted average response rate is 70.3%
^eThe following surveys, included in Thornicroft et al. [27] were excluded from this study due to lack of data on the specific drug taken and on adherence to prescribed dosage: Beijing/Shanghai, Bulgaria, Iraq, Israel, Japan, and Peru

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