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Table 2 Cultural adaptations of interventions

From: Cultural adaptation of psychological interventions for people with mental disorders delivered by lay health workers in Africa: scoping review and expert consultation

Adaptation principle

Bolton et al. 2003. Uganda

Bass et al. 2006. Uganda

Bolton et al. 2007

Chibanda et al. 2011. Zimbabwe

Petersen et al. 2011. South Africa

Ertl et al. 2011. Uganda

Murray et al. 2013. Zambia

Petersen et al. 2014. South Africa

Chibanda et al. 2016. Zimbabwe

Munetsi et al. 2018. Zimbabwe

Where the Intervention were first developed

USA

USA

USA

UK

USA

Australia

USA

USA

UK

UK

Language (translation in local language)

 + 

 + 

 + 

 + 

 − 

 − 

 − 

 − 

 + 

 + 

People (cultural competences of therapists)

 + 

 + 

 + 

 + 

 + 

 + 

 + 

 + 

 + 

 + 

Metaphors (use of stories and local examples, use local symbols/idioms)

 + 

 + 

 + 

 + 

 − 

 − 

 − 

 − 

 + 

 − 

Content (incorporation of local practices into treatment)

 + 

 + 

 + 

 + 

 + 

 − 

 − 

 + 

 + 

 + 

Concepts (address stressors, social concepts, religious concepts)

 + 

 + 

 + 

 + 

 + 

 − 

 − 

 + 

 + 

 + 

Goals (clients-derived goals)

 + 

 + 

 + 

 + 

 − 

 + 

 − 

 − 

 + 

 − 

Methods (adaptation of training and supervision methods, i.e., to match LHWs experience levels)

 + 

 + 

 + 

 + 

 − 

 + 

 − 

 − 

 + 

 + 

Context: Ensure acceptability (community engagement, ensuring fit with health/illness narratives)

 + 

 + 

 + 

 + 

 − 

 + 

 − 

 − 

 + 

 − 

Security: Specific adaptation relating to conflict-affected setting (i.e., safety training, safety protocols)

 − 

 − 

 − 

 − 

 − 

 − 

 − 

 − 

 − 

 −