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Table 1 World Mental Health sample characteristics by World Bank income categoriesa

From: Perceived helpfulness of service sectors used for mental and substance use disorders: Findings from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

Country by income category

Surveyb

Sample characteristicsc

Field Dates

Age range

Sample Size Part II

Response rate (%)d

Any DSM-IV 12-month disorder among the Part II sample

12-month use of providers for mental health among those with any DSM-IV 12-month disorder

%

SE

%

SE

I. Low/middle-income countries

 Brazil—São Paulo

São Paulo Megacity

São Paulo metropolitan area

2005–8

18–93

2942

81.3

21.5

0.7

22.8

1.3

 Bulgaria 2

NSHS—2

Nationally representative

2016–17

18–91

578

61.0

6.1

1.4

47.7

6.7

 Colombia—Medellin

MMHHS

Medellin metropolitan area

2011–12

19–65

1673

97.2

15.2

1.2

15.8

2.0

 Iraq

IMHS

Nationally representative

2006–7

18–96

4332

95.2

8.1

0.6

1.2

0.5

 Mexico

M-NCS

All urban areas of the country (approximately 75% of the total national population)

2001–2

18–65

2362

76.6

11.0

0.8

17.1

1.9

 Peru

EMSMP

Five urban areas of the country (approximately 38% of the total national population)

2004–5

18–65

1801

90.2

9.5

0.6

17.2

2.2

 PRC—Shenzhene

Shenzhen

Shenzhen metropolitan area. Included temporary residents as well as household residents

2005–7

18–88

2475

80.0

3.8

0.5

4.2

0.7

 Romania

RMHS

Nationally representative

2005–6

18–96

2357

70.9

5.7

0.5

20.4

2.6

 Total

    

18,520

81.9

10.4

0.3

16.8

0.7

II. High-income countries

 Argentina

AMHES

Eight largest urban areas of the country (approximately 50% of the total national population)

2015

18–98

2116

77.3

11.5

0.7

26.4

2.8

 Japan

WMHJ 2002–2006

Eleven metropolitan areas

2002–6

20–98

1682

55.1

6.1

0.6

26.0

2.6

 New Zealande

NZMHS

Nationally representative

2004–5

18–98

7312

73.3

18.8

0.5

34.3

1.3

 Northern Ireland

NISHS

Nationally representative

2005–8

18–97

1986

68.4

22.5

1.3

49.7

2.5

 Poland

EZOP

Nationally representative

2010–11

18–65

4000

50.4

8.5

0.4

17.9

1.7

 Portugal

NMHS

Nationally representative

2008–9

18–81

2060

57.3

19.3

1.0

35.9

2.3

 Saudi Arabiae

SNMHS

Nationally representative

2013–16

18–65

1793

61.0

11.4

1.1

15.6

2.8

 Spain-Murcia

PEGASUS- Murcia

Murcia region. Regionally representative

2010–12

18–96

1459

67.4

12.7

0.9

40.9

3.0

 United States

NCS-R

Nationally representative

2001–3

18–99

5692

70.9

22.3

0.8

38.3

1.1

 Total

    

28,100

63.5

14.7

0.3

34.7

0.8

III. Pooled across all countries

   

46,620

69.4

13.9

0.2

29.4

0.6

 Between countries, X216 (p-value)

    

1542.34 (< 0.001)*

3177.29 (< 0.001)*

 Low/middle-income countries vs. high-income countries, X21 (p-value)

    

1081.29 (< 0.001)*

837.55 (< 0.001)*

  1. DSM-IV Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition, PRC People’s Republic of China
  2. *Significant at .05 level, two-sided test
  3. aThe World Bank (2012) Data. Accessed May 12, 2012 at: https://data.worldbank.org/country. Some of the WMH countries have moved into new income categories since the surveys were conducted. The income groupings above reflect the status of each country at the time of data collection. The current income category of each country is available at the preceding URL
  4. bNSHS (Bulgaria National Survey of Health and Stress); MMHHS (Medellín Mental Health Household Study); IMHS (Iraq Mental Health Survey); M-NCS (The Mexico National Comorbidity Survey); EMSMP (La Encuesta Mundial de Salud Mental en el Peru); RMHS (Romania Mental Health Survey); AMHES (Argentina Mental Health Epidemiologic Survey); WMHJ 2002–2006 (World Mental Health Japan Survey); NZMHS (New Zealand Mental Health Survey); NISHS (Northern Ireland Study of Health and Stress); EZOP (Epidemiology of Mental Disorders and Access to Care Survey); NMHS (Portugal National Mental Health Survey); SNMHS (Saudi National Mental Health Survey); PEGASUS-Murcia (Psychiatric Enquiry to General Population in Southeast Spain-Murcia); NCS-R (The US National Comorbidity Survey Replication)
  5. cMost WMH surveys are based on stratified multistage clustered area probability household samples in which samples of areas equivalent to counties or municipalities in the US were selected in the first stage followed by one or more subsequent stages of geographic sampling (e.g., towns within counties, blocks within towns, households within blocks) to arrive at a sample of households, in each of which a listing of household members was created and one or two people were selected from this listing to be interviewed. No substitution was allowed when the originally sampled household resident could not be interviewed. These household samples were selected from Census area data. In Poland and Spain-Murcia, respondents were selected from municipal, country resident or universal health-care registries, without listing households. The Japanese sample is the only totally un-clustered sample, with households randomly selected in each of the 11 metropolitan areas and one random respondent selected in each sample household. 9 of the 17 surveys are based on nationally representative household samples
  6. dThe response rate is calculated as the ratio of the number of households in which an interview was completed to the number of households originally sampled, excluding from the denominator households known not to be eligible either because of being vacant at the time of initial contact or because the residents were unable to speak the designated languages of the survey. The weighted average response rate is 69.4%
  7. eFor the purposes of cross-national comparisons we limit the sample to those 18 +