Table 6 Summary of mixed model analysis of caregivers’ child interaction change from baseline
Caregivers’ child interaction | Domains of caregivers–chid interaction | Visit | Descriptive statistics | Mixed model analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intervention arm | ETAU arm | Difference in mean (95% CI) | p-value | |||||
n | M (SD) | n | M (SD) | |||||
Play based activity | Child unengaged | Baseline | 43 | 2.40 (1.73) | 27 | 3.22 (2.06) | ||
6 months post-intervention | 61 | 2.43 (1.78) | 47 | 2.77 (2.07) | 0.77 (− 0.04, 1.58) | 0.0614 | ||
Child object engaged | Baseline | 43 | 2.23 (1) | 27 | 2.30 (1.14) | |||
6 months post-intervention | 61 | 2.51 (1.39) | 47 | 3.04 (1.67) | − 0.04 (− 0.84, 0.76) | 0.9103 | ||
Child’s joint engagement | Baseline | 43 | 3.67 (1.27) | 27 | 3.07 (1.38) | |||
6 months post-intervention | 61 | 3.92 (1.56) | 47 | 3.17 (1.51) | 0.14 (− 0.76, 1.05) | 0.7477 | ||
Child’s stereotyped, restricted, repetitive behaviours | Baseline | 43 | 1.53 (1.08) | 27 | 2.74 (2.19) | |||
6 months post-intervention | 61 | 1.89 (1.55) | 47 | 2.51 (1.98) | − 0.82 (− 2.02, 0.37) | 0.1718 | ||
Child’s attention to caregiver | Baseline | 43 | 3.49 (1.30) | 27 | 3.15 (1.41) | |||
6 months post-intervention | 61 | 3.80 (1.49) | 47 | 3.64 (1.44) | − 0.10 (− 0.94, 0.74) | 0.8100 | ||
Child’s initiation of communication | Baseline | 43 | 2 (1.18) | 27 | 1.93 (1.21) | |||
6 months post-intervention | 61 | 2.25 (1.50) | 47 | 1.62 (1.03) | 0.21 (− 0.59, 1.01) | 0.6021 | ||
Child’s expressive language level and use | Baseline | 43 | 2.30 (1.73) | 27 | 2.19 (1.80) | |||
6 months post-intervention | 61 | 2.69 (2.09) | 47 | 2.87 (2.05) | 0.05 (− 0.67, 0.76) | 0.8923 | ||
Caregiver’s scaffolding | Baseline | 43 | 2.74 (1.51) | 27 | 2.1 (1.31) | |||
6 months post-intervention | 61 | 3.11 (1.90) | 47 | 2.40 (1.68) | 0.34 (− 0.69, 1.36) | 0.5117 | ||
Caregiver following in on child’s focus | Baseline | 43 | 2.74 (1.35) | 27 | 2.26 (1.40) | |||
6 months post-intervention | 61 | 3.23 (2.09) | 47 | 2.57 (1.64) | − 0.04 (− 1.13, 1.06) | 0.9480 | ||
Caregiver’s affect | Baseline | 43 | 2.93 (1.39) | 27 | 2.48 (1.58) | |||
6 months post-intervention | 61 | 3.34 (1.97) | 47 | 2.81 (1.56) | 0.54 (− 0.24, 1.32) | 0.1665 | ||
Fluency and connectedness | Baseline | 43 | 3.05 (1.40) | 27 | 2.26 (1.23) | |||
6 months post-intervention | 61 | 3.31 (1.58) | 47 | 2.94 (1.51) | 0.18 (− 0.68, 1.03) | 0.6801 | ||
Shared routines and rituals | Baseline | 43 | 2.42 (1.33) | 27 | 1.85 (1.20) | |||
6 months post-intervention | 61 | 2.95 (1.83) | 47 | 2.38 (1.61) | − 0.01 (− 1.04, 1.01) | 0.9827 | ||
Home routine | Child unengaged | Baseline | 39 | 2.28 (2.06) | 23 | 4.35 (2.48) | ||
6 months post-intervention | 37 | 1.92 (1.72) | 23 | 4 (2.32) | − 0.21 (− 1.82, 1.39) | 0.7821 | ||
Child object engaged | Baseline | 39 | 1.56 (1.14) | 23 | 1.48 (0.79) | |||
6 months post-intervention | 37 | 1.81 (1.22) | 23 | 1.91 (1.08) | 0.11 (− 0.88, 1.10) | 0.8124 | ||
Child’s joint engagement | Baseline | 39 | 4.03 (2.08) | 23 | 2.87 (1.46) | |||
6 months post-intervention | 37 | 3.86 (1.40) | 23 | 3.17 (1.40) | 0.31 (− 0.97, 1.59) | 0.6211 | ||
Child’s stereotyped, restricted, repetitive behaviours | Baseline | 39 | 1.87 (1.38) | 23 | 2.04 (1.58) | |||
6 months post-intervention | 37 | 1.27 (0.65) | 23 | 1.65 (1.23) | − 0.52 (− 1.54, 0.50) | 0.3000 | ||
Child’s attention to caregiver | Baseline | 39 | 3.69 (1.52) | 23 | 3.52 (1.34) | |||
6 months post-intervention | 37 | 4.27 (1.45) | 23 | 3.09 (1.12) | 0.67 (− 0.69, 2.03) | 0.3135 | ||
Child’s initiation of communication | Baseline | 39 | 1.69 (0.83) | 23 | 1.39 (0.58) | |||
6 months post-intervention | 37 | 2 (1) | 23 | 1.57 (0.90) | − 0.24 (− 0.96, 0.48) | 0.4887 | ||
Child’s expressive language level and use | Baseline | 39 | 2.26 (1.62) | 23 | 2.93 (1.850) | |||
6 months post-intervention | 37 | 3.27 (1.92) | 23 | 3.65 (1.82) | − 0.19 (− 1.47, 1.09) | 0.7621 | ||
Caregiver’s scaffolding | Baseline | 39 | 2.82 (1.97) | 23 | 2.26 (1.54) | |||
6 months post-intervention | 37 | 3.14 (1.78) | 23 | 1.83 (1.15) | 1.20 (− 0.24, 2.64) | 0.0981 | ||
Caregiver following in on child’s focus | Baseline | 39 | 2.77 (2.15) | 23 | 2 (1.45) | |||
6 months post-intervention | 37 | 3.35 (1.83) | 23 | 1.65 (1.19) | 0.95 (− 0.59, 2.49) | 0.2117 | ||
Caregiver’s affect | Baseline | 39 | 2.77 (1.68) | 23 | 2.35 (1.34) | |||
6 months post-intervention | 37 | 3.30 (1.63) | 23 | 1.87 (1.22) | 1.04 (− 0.38, 2.46) | 0.1404 | ||
Fluency and connectedness | Baseline | 39 | 2.87 (1.61) | 23 | 2.30 (1.18) | |||
6 months post-intervention | 37 | 3.57 (1.28) | 23 | 2.65 (1.40) | 0.79 (− 0.24, 1.83) | 0.1244 | ||
Shared routines and rituals | Baseline | 39 | 3.13 (1.88) | 23 | 2.52 (1.50) | |||
6 months post-intervention | 37 | 3.51 (1.50) | 23 | 2.65 (1.72) | 0.69 (− 0.49, 1.88) | 0.2360 | ||