Table 4 Multiple linear regression of the effects (and their 95% confidence intervals) of age, years in Australia, education, language spoken at home, gender, group language, home practice, group attendance and home practice x group attendance interactions on mental health outcomes (post–pre differences)
Covariates | Difference in K10 score | Difference in K10 Q11 (Days of inability to work) | Difference in K10 Q12 (Days of cutting down work apart from days in Q11) | Difference in DASS depression | Difference in DASS anxiety | Difference in DASS stress |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient (95% CI) | Coefficient (95% CI) | Coefficient (95% CI) | Coefficient (95% CI) | Coefficient (95% CI) | Coefficient (95% CI) | |
Age group | ||||||
 (< 26 years) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 26–35 | − 1.35 (− 5.44, 2.75) | − 1.38 (− 3.90, 1.13) | − 2.45 (− 6.90, 1.99) | − 0.41 (− 2.86, 2.03) | − 0.94 (− 3.49, 1.61) | − 0.83 (− 3.29, 1.64) |
 36–45 | − 2.42 (− 7.07, 2.23) | − 1.99 (− 4.74, 0.76) | − 2.79 (− 7.38, 1.81) | − 0.64 (− 3.31, 2.03) | − 2.40 (− 5.06, 0.26) | − 1.28 (− 3.99, 1.44) |
 46–55 | − 2.33 (− 7.11, 2.45) | − 2.25 (− 4.60, 0.46) | − 3.76 (− 8.97, 1.46) | − 1.68 (− 4.44, 1.09) | − 2.85c (− 5.96, 0.27) | − 2.24 (− 5.55, 1.06) |
 56–65 | − 6.23c (− 10.98, − 1.49) | − 3.00c (− 5.68, − 0.32) | − 1.72 (− 6.30, 2.86) | − 1.29 (− 3.97, 1.39) | − 2.64c (− 5.69, 0.41) | − 2.94c (− 5.72, − 0.16) |
Years in Australia | ||||||
 (< 4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 4–6 | − 1.23 (− 5.79, 3.34) | − 0.84 (− 3.39, 1.71) | − 0.44 (− 4.85, 3.96) | 0.63 (− 1.99, 3.26) | − 1.00 (− 3.54, 1.55) | − 0.21 (− 2.87, 2.45) |
 7–10 | − 0.69 (− 5.10, 3.71) | − 0.23 (− 2.49, 2.03) | − 0.32 (− 4.34, 3.70) | − 0.11 (− 2.48, 2.25) | − 0.99 (− 3.31, 1.33) | 0.49 (− 1.96, 2.93) |
 >  = 11 | 1.86 (− 1.54, 5.26) | 0.19 (− 1.55, 1.93) | − 1.31 (− 4.50,1.87) | 1.21 (− 0.62, 3.04) | 1.06 (− 0.75, 2.88) | 1.19 (− 0.70, 3.07) |
Education | ||||||
 (High school) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 University | − 1.27 (− 3.81, 1.27) | 0.09 (− 1.40, 1.58) | − 0.18 (− 2.66, 0.31) | − 0.37 (− 1.78, 1.04) | − 0.91 (− 2.23, 0.64) | − 0.05 (− 1.50, 1.41) |
Speaks English at home | ||||||
 (No) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Yes | − 2.35 (− 4.97, 0.27) | 0.75 (− 0.72, 2.21) | − 0.66 (− 3.29, 1.97) | − 0.64 (− 2.24, 0.96) | 0.50 (− 1.00, 2.00) | 0.13 (− 1.39, 1.66) |
Weeks of home practice | ||||||
 (< 2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 2 | − 2.62 (− 10.06, 4.83) | − 0.39 (− 4.74, 3.78) | 5.07 (− 2.52, 12.65) | 0.79 (− 3.06, 4.64) | − 0.28 (− 4.17, 3.61) | −  0.43 (− 4.29, 3.43) |
 3 | − 1.06 (− 9.92, 7.80) | 0.33 (− 4.12, 4.77) | 7.08 (− 1.90, 16.07) | − 1.81 (− 7.29, 3.66) | − 1.13 (− 6.33, 4.07) | − 0.48 (− 5.49, 4.53) |
 4 | 3 .08 (− 9.75, 15.92) | − 2.81 (− 10.06, 4.43) | 9.77 (− 3.25, 22.78) | 1.67 (− 5.45, 8.79) | 1.55 (− 5.68, 8.78) | 0.24 (− 7.10, 7.58) |
Group sessions attended | ||||||
 (< 4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 4 | − 2.20 (− 9.79, 5.38) | − 1.64 (− 5.79, 2.52) | 0.76 (− 9.55, 8.08) | − 1.30 (− 5.55, 2.95) | − 0.82 (− 5.10, 3.46) | − 1.01 (− 5.27, 3.25) |
 5 | − 1.33 (− 10.06, 7.40) | − 2.05 (− 6.47, 2.37) | − 0.73 (− 9.55, 8.08) | − 2.66 (− 7.27, 1.94) | 1.15 (− 3.62, 5.92) | 0.17 (− 4.55, 4.89) |
Home practice & Group sessions interaction | ||||||
 (< 2 weeks* < 4 sessions) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 2 wks*4 sessions | 1.79 (− 8.06, 11.64) | − 0.25 (− 5.92, 5.43) | − 5.35 (− 15.69, 4.99) | − 0.43 (− 6.01, 5.14) | 1.76 (− 3.82, 7.33) | 1.01 (− 4.62, 6.65) |
 2 wks*5 sessions | − 0.04 (− 10.31, 10.22) | 2.16 (− 3.62, 7.94) | − 0.42 (− 11.43, 10.60) | 0.26 (− 5.54, 6.05) | − 0.91 (− 6.66, 4.83) | − 0.25 (− 6.12, 5.62) |
 3 wks*4 sessions | 0.44 (− 9.93, 10.80) | − 0.07 (− 5.71, 5.58) | − 6.30 (− 16.81, 4.21) | 1.42 (− 5.08, 7.92) | 1.75 (− 4.54, 8.03) | 0.56 (− 5.68, 6.79) |
 3 wks*5 sessions | 0.01 (− 11.00, 11.02) | 0.34 (− 5.60, 6.28) | − 4.32 (− 15.82, 7.17) | 1.39 (− 5.13, 7.91) | − 0.52 (− 6.87, 5.83) | − 1.50 (− 7.98, 4.98) |
 4 wks*4 sessions | − 3.74 (− 18.40, 10.91) | 3.92 (− 4.38, 12.21) | − 6.82 (− 21.87, 8.22) | − 2.78 (− 11.06, 5.51) | − 1.13 (− 9.36, 7.09) | − 0.50 (− 8.95, 7.94) |
 4 wks*5 sessions | − 4.57 (− 19.45, 10.30) | 2.40 (− 5.84, 10.63) | − 7.15 (− 22.29, 7.99) | − 0.95 (− 9.26, 7.35) | − 2.52 (− 10.88, 5.84) | − 1.76 (− 10.26, 6.74) |
Gender | ||||||
 (Male) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Female | − 0.77 (− 4.72, 3.17) | 0.37 (− 1.73, 2.47) | − 1.19 (− 5.36, 2.97) | − 0.68 (− 3.10, 1.74) | − 0.23 (− 2.42, 1.96) | − 0.88 (− 3.25, 1.49) |
Group language | ||||||
 (Arabic) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Bangla | 1.18 (− 1.44, 3.80) | 0.43 (− 1.11, 1.98) | 1.96 (− 0.74, 4.65) | 1.70c (0.14, 3.26) | 1.85c (0.37, 3.33) | 2.22b (0.69, 3.75) |