Table 3 Summary statistics and results from mixed-model analysis of primary and secondary outcomes
Primary and secondary outcomes | Visit | PM + (N = 96) | TAU (N = 96) | Difference in least squares mean (95% CI) | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | M (SD) | N | M (SD) | ||||
Descriptive statistics n, mean (SD) | |||||||
 HADS Anxiety | Pre-treatment | 95 | 13.44 (3.67) | 96 | 12.90 (4.02) |  |  |
Post-treatment | 73 | 8.56 (5.00) | 73 | 11.08 (4.90) | − 2.41 (− 4.04 to − 0.77) | 0.004 | |
Follow-up | 62 | 8.17 (5.12) | 67 | 10.12 (4.79) | − 1.69 (− 3.41 to 0.02) | 0.05 | |
 HADS Depression | Pre-treatment | 95 | 12.18 (3.99) | 96 | 10.80 (3.72) |  |  |
Post-treatment | 73 | 8.16 (4.17) | 73 | 9.92 (4.37) | − 1.85 (− 3.29 to − 0.41) | 0.01 | |
Follow-up | 62 | 8.04 (4.89) | 67 | 9.67 (3.94) | − 1.30 (− 2.81 to 0.21) | 0.09 | |
 HADS | Pre-treatment | 95 | 25.62 (6.61) | 96 | 23.70 (6.07) |  |  |
Post-treatment | 73 | 16.72 (8.44) | 73 | 21.00 (7.88) | − 4.35 (− 6.99 to − 1.71) | 0.002 | |
Follow-up | 62 | 16.23 (8.81) | 67 | 19.79 (7.77) | − 3.10 (− 5.76 to − 0.26) | 0.03 | |
 WHODAS | Pre-treatment | 96 | 33.41 (7.17) | 96 | 32.77 (7.77) |  |  |
Post-treatment | 74 | 25.20 (8.97) | 74 | 28.41 (8.19) | − 3.16 (− 6.38 to − 0.85) | 0.01 | |
Follow-up | 62 | 22.94 (9.73) | 67 | 27.37 (8.36) | − 4.35 (− 7.24 to − 1.45) | 0.004 | |
 PCL | Pre-treatment | 96 | 49.78 (13.99) | 96 | 49.86 (13.66) |  |  |
Post-treatment | 61 | 39.90 (15.89) | 63 | 42.35 (15.73) | − 2.69 (− 8.08 to 2.70) | 0.32 | |
Follow-up | 61 | 32.93 (14.21) | 64 | 39.08 (15.75) | − 5.39 (− 10.76 to − 0.02) | 0.05 | |
 PHQ | Pre-treatment | 96 | 15.09 (5.17) | 96 | 15.04 (4.99) |  |  |
Post-treatment | 53 | 9.79 (6.71) | 54 | 11.76 (6.51) | − 2.18 (− 4.65 to 0.29) | 0.08 | |
Follow-up | 61 | 7.16 (6.23) | 63 | 10.29 (6.79) | − 2.91 (− 5.22 to − 0.60) | 0.01 | |
 Days of these difficulties present | Pre-treatment | 92 | 20.9 3 (9.61) | 93 | 20.89 (8.51) |  |  |
Post-treatment | 66 | 13.98 (10.45) | 67 | 18.10 (10.21) | − 3.93 (− 7.44 to − 0.43) | 0.03 | |
Follow-up | 60 | 13.88 (11.17) | 64 | 16.67 (9.59) | − 2.80 (− 6.40 to 0.80) | 0.13 | |
 Days of total disability | Pre-treatment | 91 | 11.22 (9.78) | 92 | 10.82 (9.47) |  |  |
Post-treatment | 65 | 5.03 (7.15) | 67 | 7.82 (9.03) | − 2.62 (− 5.29 to 0.06) | 0.06 | |
Follow-up | 60 | 5.82 (7.34) | 64 | 8.00 (7.82) | − 1.71 (− 4.46 to 1.03) | 0.22 | |
 Days of activity reduce | Pre-treatment | 90 | 14.14 (10.26) | 92 | 12.97 (10.19) |  |  |
Post-treatment | 65 | 8.22 (8.40) | 67 | 11.19 (9.58) | − 2.72 (− 5.92 to 0.49) | 0.10 | |
Follow-up | 60 | 8.35 (9.57) | 64 | 10.20 (9.69) | − 1.92 (− 5.22 to 1.38)) | 0.25 | |
 Perceived social support | Pre-treatment | 96 | 51.92 (16.60) | 96 | 52.74 (17.11) |  |  |
Post-treatment | 73 | 55.53 (17.70) | 74 | 51.43 (18.03) | 3.85 (− 4.55 to 9.25) | 0.16 | |
Follow-up | 61 | 56.61 (17.35) | 65 | 52.57 (14.70) | 2.24 (− 3.42 to 7.90) | 0.43 | |
 PSYCHLOPS | Pre-treatment | 96 | 15.39 (3.65) | 95 | 14.94 (3.77) |  |  |
Post-treatment | 67 | 9.31 (5.68) | 69 | 11.55 (5.01) | − 2.40 (− 4.19 to − 0.60) | 0.009 | |
Follow-up | 61 | 8.98 (5.93) | 61 | 10.62 (4.99) | − 1.63 (− 3.51 to 0.24) | 0.09 | |