Table 3 Logistic regression analysis for the relationship between depress symptoms and health care utilization among Chinese middle aged and older adults in 2013

Depression (no)

Yes

1.349*** [1.194,1.524]

1.366*** [1.238,1.508]

1.276** [1.096,1.486]

1.400*** [1.241,1.578]

1.496*** [1.219,1.835]

1.287** [1.082,1.531]

Age

1.024*** [1.018,1.031]

1.005⁺ [1.000,1.010]

1.018*** [1.009,1.026]

1.007* [1.000,1.013]

1.035*** [1.024,1.045]

1.002 [0.993,1.010]

Education

1.005 [0.989,1.021]

1.007 [0.994,1.019]

1.012 [0.991,1.034]

1.008 [0.992,1.025]

0.999 [0.976,1.024]

1.005 [0.985,1.025]

Gender (female)

Male

1.107 [0.941,1.304]

0.877* [0.769,1.000]

0.971 [0.781,1.207]

0.846⁺ [0.713,1.004]

1.301* [1.013,1.669]

0.934 [0.759,1.149]

Marital status (unmarried and others)

Married

1.077 [0.906,1.281]

0.929 [0.807,1.069]

0.970 [0.780,1.206]

0.965 [0.809,1.152]

1.241 [0.929,1.660]

0.867 [0.687,1.093]

Hukou status (non-agricultural hukou)

Agricultural hukou

0.873⁺ [0.745, 1.023]

1.023 [0.898,1.166]

0.820 [0.599,1.124]

1.085 [0.828,1.424]

0.853 [0.703,1.035]

1.009 [0.862,1.181]

Smoking history (no)

Yes

0.929 [0.794,1.087]

0.873* [0.769,0.991]

0.990 [0.805,1.217]

0.890 [0.755,1.048]

0.853 [0.669,1.087]

0.845 [0.689,1.036]

Medical insurance (no)

Yes

1.819** [1.245,2.657]

1.196 [0.927,1.544]

1.522⁺ [0.958,2.418]

1.174 [0.847,1.626]

2.430** [1.252,4.714]

1.214 [0.805,1.833]

Self-report health (good)

Fair

1.422*** [1.199,1.686]

1.824*** [1.600,2.078]

1.182 [0.946,1.477]

1.829*** [1.538,2.175]

1.807*** [1.385,2.358]

1.828*** [1.498,2.231]

Poor

3.639*** [3.033,4.366]

3.627*** [3.136,4.195]

2.989*** [2.371,3.769]

3.595*** [2.981,4.336]

4.848*** [3.615,6.502]

3.720*** [2.943,4.702]

Chronic disease (no)

Yes

1.955*** [1.668,2.291]

1.897*** [1.690,2.130]

2.150*** [1.743,2.653]

1.909***[1.647,2.213]

1.703*** [1.335,2.172]

1.889*** [1.568,2.276]

Current living place (rural)

Urban

1.244*** [1.094,1.414]

1.044 [0.941,1.157]

Region (east)

Central

1.323*** [1.152,1.520]

1.224*** [1.098,1.365]

1.322** [1.102,1.587]

1.442*** [1.253,1.658]

1.330** [1.072,1.649]

0.952 [0.799,1.134]

West

1.416*** [1.247,1.607]

1.230*** [1.113,1.359]

1.393*** [1.181,1.643]

1.341*** [1.180,1.526]

1.466*** [1.200,1.791]

1.096 [0.933,1.288]

Income

1.074* [1.016,1.135]

1.133*** [1.084,1.184]

1.102** [1.027,1.182]

1.121*** [1.061,1.185]

1.029 [0.941,1.126]

1.148*** [1.065,1.238]

Constant

0.003*** [0.002,0.006]

0.029*** [0.017,0.050]

0.006*** [0.002,0.016]

0.023*** [0.011,0.048]

0.001*** [0.000,0.005]

0.041*** [0.017,0.095]

R2

0.080

0.070

0.074

0.077

0.094

0.061

N

13,551

13,551

8500

8500

5051

5051