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Table 1 Health-care service utilization and socio-demographic characteristics of the sample

From: Depressive symptoms and health service utilization among Chinese middle-aged and older adults: a national population-based longitudinal survey

Variables

Total frequency (%)

Urban (%)

Rural (%)

P-value

Inpatient care in 2013

   

0.006

No

11,867 (87.57)

4372 (86.56)

7495 (88.18)

 

Yes

1684 (12.43)

679 (13.44)

1005 (11.82)

 

Outpatient care in 2013

   

0.703

No

10,533 (77.73)

3935 (77.91)

6598 (77.62)

 

Yes

3018 (22.27)

1116 (22.09)

1902 (22.38)

 

Inpatient care in 2015

   

0.011

No

11,637 (85.88)

4288 (84.89)

7349 (86.46)

 

Yes

1914 (14.12)

763 (15.11)

1151 (13.54)

 

Outpatient care in 2015

   

0.226

No

10,754 (79.36)

4036 (79.90)

6718 (79.04)

 

Yes

2797 (20.64)

1015 (20.10)

1782 (20.96)

 

Gender

   

0.028

Male

6556 (48.38)

2382 (47.16)

4174 (49.11)

 

Female

6995 (51.62)

2669 (52.84)

4326 (50.89)

 

Marital status

   

0.518

Unmarried

1379 (10.18)

503 (9.96)

876 (10.31)

 

Married

12,172 (89.92)

4548 (90.04)

7624 (89.69)

 

Hukou status

   

 < 0.001

Non-agricultural hukou

2761 (20.37)

2374 (47.00)

387 (4.55)

 

Agricultural hukou

10,790 (79.63)

2677 (53.00)

8113 (95.45)

 

Smoking history

   

 < 0.001

No

7509 (55.41)

2888 (57.18)

4621 (54.36)

 

Yes

6042 (44.59)

2163 (42.82)

3879 (45.64)

 

Medical insurance

   

0.507

No

441 (3.25)

171 (3.39)

270 (5.35)

 

Yes

13,110 (96.75)

4880 (96.61)

8230 (94.65)

 

Self-report health

   

 < 0.001

Good

3182 (23.48)

1296 (25.66)

1886 (22.19)

 

Fair

7196 (53.10)

2835 (56.13)

4361 (51.31)

 

Poor

3173 (23.42)

920 (18.21)

2253 (26.50)

 

Chronic disease

   

0.730

No

3813 (28.14)

1430(28.31)

2383 (28.04)

 

Yes

9738 (71.86)

3621(71.69)

6117 (71.96)

 

Current living place

    

Rural

8500 (62.73)

 

Urban

5051 (37.27)

 

Region

   

 < 0.001

East

5236 (38.64)

2166 (42.88)

3070 (36.12)

 

Central

3446 (25.43)

1262 (24.99)

2184 (25.69)

 

West

4869 (35.93)

1623 (32,13)

3246 (38.19)

 

Depression

   

 < 0.001

No

10,354 (76.41)

4120 (81.57)

6234 (73.34)

 

Yes

3197 (23.59)

931 (18.43)

2266 (26.66)

 

Variable

Mean (Std.)

   

Age

59.30 (9.14)

59.44 (9.22)

59.21 (9.09)

0.147

Education years

5.39 (4.15)

6.75 (4.25)

4.59 (3.88)

 < 0.001

Income

4.29 (1.04)

4.63 (1.01)

4.10 (1.01)

 < 0.001

N

13,551

8500

5051

 
  1. “1.000” was the result of keeping 3 decimal places
  2. Income was logarithm
  3. Std. Standard deviation;