Table 2 Psychological distress, mental health disorders and suicidal behaviours amongst enslaved versus non-enslaved Yazidi females
Total group (n = 348) N (%) | Formerly enslaved (n = 139) N (%) | Non-enslaved slaves (n = 209) N (%) | χ2 | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Psychological Distress Levels (K10) | 139.958 | < 0.001** | |||
None | 105 (30.2) | 8 (5.8) | 97 (46.4) | ||
Mild | 65 (18.7) | 14 (10.1) | 51 (24.4) | ||
Moderate | 34 (9.8) | 7 (5) | 27 (12.9) | ||
Severe | 144 (41.4) | 110 (79.1) | 34 (16.3) | ||
Depression (PHQ-9) | 119.284 | < 0.001** | |||
Minimal or none | 27 (7.8) | 4 (2.9) | 23 (11) | ||
Mild | 27 (7.8) | 12 (8.6) | 87 (41.6) | ||
Moderate | 87 (25) | 25 (18) | 62 (29.7) | ||
Moderately severe | 80 (23) | 47 (33.8) | 33 (15.8) | ||
Severe | 55 (15.8) | 51 (36.7) | 4 (1.9) | ||
Generalised Anxiety (GAD-7) | 111.283 | < 0.001** | |||
None | 60 (17.2) | 9 (6.5) | 51 (24.4) | ||
Mild | 122 (35.1) | 19 (13.7) | 103 (49.3) | ||
Moderate | 106 (30.5) | 59 (42.4) | 47 (22.5) | ||
Severe | 60 (17.2) | 52 (37.4) | 8 (3.8) | ||
Probable PTSD (HTQ-IV) | 87.355 | < 0.001** | |||
No | 137 (39.4) | 13 (9.4) | 124 (59.3) | ||
Yes | 211 (60.6) | 126 (90.6) | 85 (40.7) | ||
Suicide thoughts | 19.166 | < 0.001** | |||
None | 259 (74.4) | 86 (61.9) | 173 (82.8) | ||
Yes | 89 (25.6) | 53 (38.1) | 36 (17.2) | ||
Suicide attempts | 3.991 | 0.064 | |||
None | 314 (90.2) | 120 (86.3) | 194 (92.8) | ||
Yes | 34 (9.8) | 19 (13.7) | 15 (7.2) | ||
Method of suicide attempt | 9.576 | 0.088 | |||
Drug ingestion | 5 (18.5) | 4 (28.6) | 1 (7.7) | ||
Self- immolation | 5 (18.5) | 1 (7.1) | 4 (30.8) | ||
Hanging | 6 (22.2) | 2 (14.3) | 4 (30.8) | ||
Drowning | 3 (11.1) | 2 (14.3) | 1 (7.7) | ||
Wrist cutting | 4 (14.8) | 4 (28.6) | 0 (0) | ||
Electrocution | 4 (14.8) | 1 (7.1) | 3 (23.1) |