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Table 6 Association of participant characteristics and depression

From: Depression and experience of incarceration in North Central Nigeria: a situation analysis at Makurdi medium security prison

Variable

Depression status

Test statistic

P-value

Not depressed

n (%)

Depressed

n (%)

Gender

 Male

230 (63.2)

134 (36.8)

χ2 = 3.35

0.07

 Female

7 (41.2)

10 (58.8)

  

Age (in years)

 15–34

198 (61.9)

122 (38.1)

χ2 = 0.09

0.76

 ≥ 35

39 (63.9)

22 (36.1)

  

 Mean age ± SD

28.03 ± 7.53

27.82 ± 6.28

t = 0.28

0.78

Educational status

 Uneducated

15 (68.2)

7 (31.9)

χ2 = 0.36

0.55

 Educated

222 (61.8)

137 (38.2)

  

Religion

 Islam

14 (60.9)

9 (39.1)

χ2 = 0.02

0.53

 Christianity

223 (62.3)

135 (37.7)

  

Tribe

 Tiv

160 (63.7)

91 (36.3)

χ2 = 0. 74

0.39

 Others

77 (59.2)

53 (40.8)

  

State of origin

 Indigene (Benue)

201 (62.8)

119 (37.2)

χ2 = 0. 31

0.58

 Non-indigene

36 (59.0)

25 (41.0)

  

Employment before arrest

 Yes

188 (60.1)

125 (39.9)

χ2 = 3.42

0.04*

 No

49 (72.1)

19 (27.9)

  

Occupation

 Civil servant

9 (60.0)

6 (40.0)

χ2 = 0.32

0.53

 Self employed

179 (60.1)

119 (39.9)

  

 Mean monthly income (Naira)

37,871 ± 47,070

41,452 ± 99,910

F = 0.18

0.67

Monthly income (in Naira)

 < 20,000

61 (70.9)

57 (48.3)

χ2 = 8.03

0.003*

 > 20,000

176 (66.9)

87 (33.1)

  

Marital status

 Single

142 (65.1)

76 (34.9)

χ2 = 1.86

0.10

 Married

95 (58.3)

68 (41.7)

  

Days in police custody (days)

 < 15

101 (56.4)

75 (42.6)

χ2 = 3.23

0.45

 > 15

136 (66.3)

69 (33.7)

  

Mean no. days in custody

27.6 ± 34.11

28.20 ± 53.6

t = 0.02

0.89

Days in prison

 ≤ 30

15 (65.2)

8 (34.8)

χ2 = 12.01

0.002*

 31–150

78 (51.7)

73 (48.3)

  

 > 150

144 (69.6)

63 (30.4)

  

Mean no. days in prison

431.03 ± 590.03

322.37 ± 402.23

t = 3.80

0.05

Appeared in court

 Yes

212 (62.5)

127 (37.5)

χ2 = 0.01

0.54

 No

24 (63.2)

14 (36.8)

  

Number of times in court

 1–5

108 (57.4)

80 (42.6)

χ2 = 5.12

0.06

 6–20

74 (69.8)

32 (30.2)

  

 > 20

34 (68.0)

16 (32.0)

  

Represented by a lawyer

 Yes

162 (63.5)

93 (36.5)

χ2 = 0.29

0.33

 No

74 (60.7)

48 (39.3)

  

Satisfaction with Healthcare provided

 Yes

127 (69.4)

56 (30.6)

χ2 = 7.75

0.006*

 No

110 (55.6)

88 (44.4)

  

Quality of accommodation

 Good

158 (64.8)

86 (35.2)

χ2 = 1.87

0.10

 Poor

79 (57.7)

58 (42.3)

  
  1. *significant