Table 1 Demographic and psychosocial variables associated with symptoms of depression
From: Identifying and treating maternal mental health difficulties in Afghanistan: A feasibility study
Total sample N = 215 n (%) | Not depressed PHQ9 < 12 N = 84 (39%) | Depressed PHQ9 \(\ge 12\) N = 131 (61%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (average in years, SD) | 26.3 (5.4) | 25.8 (5.1) | 27.1 (5.7) | 0.055 |
Exclusively breastfeeding | 86 (65) | 21 (64) | 65 (66) | 0.833 |
Child malnutrition | 12 (6) | 2 (2) | 10 (10) | 0.014 |
Anxiety | 84 (39) | 18 (15) | 66 (67) | < 0.001 |
Trauma | 28 (13) | 4 (3) | 24 (24) | < 0.001 |
Sleep disturbance | 98 (46) | 17 (15) | 81 (83) | < 0.001 |
Fatigue | 116 (54) | 28 (24) | 88 (90) | < 0.001 |
Variation in appetite | 104 (48) | 19 (16) | 85 (87) | < 0.001 |
Irritability | 77 (36) | 14 (12) | 63 (64) | < 0.001 |
Headaches | 65 (30) | 13 (11) | 52 (53) | < 0.001 |
Subjective feeling of sadness | 93 (43) | 18 (15) | 75 (77) | < 0.001 |
Marital dispute | 40 (19) | 7 (6) | 33 (34) | < 0.001 |
Emotional distress | 75 (35) | 15 (13) | 60 (61) | < 0.001 |
Self-reported postnatal depression | 124 (58) | 31 (27) | 93 (95) | < 0.001 |
Grief/Loss | 74 (34) | 18 (15) | 56 (57) | < 0.001 |
Intimate partner violence | 30 (14) | 6 (5) | 24 (24) | < 0.001 |
Emotional distress of child | 67 (31) | 14 (12) | 53 (54) | < 0.001 |
Psychosomatic complaints | 60 (28) | 12 (10) | 48 (19) | < 0.001 |
Social isolation | 64 (30) | 13 (11) | 51 (52) | < 0.001 |
Acute stress | 28 (13) | 4 (3) | 24 (24) | < 0.001 |