Table 1 Types of NSHWs in included records
Type of NSHW | Definition | Trained & supervised by: | Study | Author (year) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Lay health workers (e.g. community health workers or Lady Health Workers) | Non-specialist workers linked to the local health system (part of formal health workforce) Living locally; often mobile in the community Empathy, interpersonal skills, motivation Gatekeepers to the community for new interventions | Senior health promotion officers or Mental health specialists | Friendship Bench Programme | Chibanda (2016) Chibanda (2017) |
Problem-solving therapy | Munodawafa (2017) Nyatsanza (2016) | |||
Lay counsellors (e.g. lay-helpers) | Selection based on competency assessment (delivery & skills) Intensive supervision needed | Lay health workers or Mental health specialists | Common Elements Treatment Approach | Murray (2014) Bolton (2014) |
Healthy Activity Programme | Chowdhary (2016) | |||
Trauma-focused CBT vs. Problem-solving therapy | Dawson (2018) | |||
Problem Management Plus | Khan (2017) | |||
Counselling for Alcohol Problems | Nadkarni (2015) Nadkarni (2017) | |||
Peers | Similar lived experience as service users Age, gender and language matching as facilitators Less formal boundaries/more flexibility in delivery | Non-specialist facilitators | Thinking Healthy Peer | Atif (2016) Atif (2017) Singla (2014) |
Paraprofessional counsellors | Little or no background in counselling or psychology Trained and supervised to deliver manualised therapy | Mental health specialists | Cognitive processing therapy | Bass (2013) |
Group intervention | Tol (2008) | |||
Culturally adapted group CBT | Papas (2010) Papas (2011) |