Skip to main content

Table 3 Characteristics of study participants

From: Equitable access to mental healthcare integrated in primary care for people with severe mental disorders in rural Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

Characteristic

Accessed primary care-based mental health care (n = 300)

Number (%)

Did not access mental health care (n = 61)

Number (%)

Statistical significance

Test statistic (degrees of freedom)

P-value

Socio-demographic

 Age (years)

  18–24

65 (21.7)

13 (21.1)

z − 0.78 (1)

0.44b

  25–34

80 (26.7)

23 (38.0)

  35–44

79 (26.3)

12 (19.7)

  45–59

55 (18.3)

8 (13.1)

  60+

21 (7.0)

5 (8.0)

 Gender

  Male

173 (57.4)

37 (60.6)

χ2 0.21 (1)

0.64

  Female

128 (42.5)

24 (39.3)

 Residence

  Urban

60 (20.0)

4 (6.6)

χ2 6.28 (1)

0.01

  Rural

240 (80.0)

57 (93.4)

 Marital status

  Married

102 (33.8)

17 (27.8)

χ2 0.83 (1)

0.36

  Not married

199 (66.1)

44 (72.1)

 Education

  Formal education

144 (47.8)

30 (49.1)

χ2 0.04 (1)

0.85

  Non-literate

157 (52.1)

31 (50.8)

 Distance from health centre

  60 min or less

193 (84.2)

36 (15.72)

z 1.26 (1)

0.21b

  61–120 min

60 (81.0)

14 (18.9)

  121–180 min

36 (90.0)

4 (10.0)

  More than 180 min

11 (61.1)

7 (38.8)

 Religion

  Orthodox Christian

271 (90.3)

57 (93.4)

χ2 1.01 (2)

0.60

  Muslim

10 (3.2)

2 (3.8)

  Protestant/other

20 (6.4)

2 (3.8)

 Social support

  Intermediate or good

206 (69.3)

41 (67.2)

χ2 0.11 (1)

0.74

  Poor

91 (30.6)

20 (32.7)

 Discrimination (total score on DISC-12)

Median 4 (25th centile 1, 75th centile 8)

Median 3 (25th centile 0, 75th centile 9)

χ2 0.23 (1)

0.63c

 Poverty index (0 to 8)a

Mean 4.2 (SD 1.8)

Mean 4.4 (SD 1.9)

t 0.66 (352)

0.51

Clinical

N (%)

N (%)

  

Physical/sensory impairment (“great deal of difficulty”)

 Mobility

26 (8.6)

7 (11.5)

χ2 0.18 (1)

0.68

 Using hands or fingers

19 (6.3)

6 (9.8)

 Seeing

4 (1.3)

1 (1.6)

 Hearing

19 (6.3)

1 (1.6)

Hazardous alcohol use

 AUDIT < 8

221 (73.4)

44 (72.1)

χ2 0.04 (1)

0.84

 AUDIT ≥ 8

80 (26.5)

17 (27.8)

  

Disability (total score on WHODAS 12)

Mean 35.7 (SD 11.5)

Mean 30.5 (SD 13.6)

t 3.13

(df 356)

< 0.01

  1. WHODAS 12 World Health Organization Disability assessment Schedule, SD standard deviation, PHQ Patient Health Questionnaire, AUDIT Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Checklist
  2. aPoverty index = composite including type of roof, kitchen, having mobile phone, television, radio, access to electricity, sanitation, and source of water
  3. bTest for trend
  4. cKruskal–Wallis equality-of-populations rank test