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Table 2 The association of depression diagnosis with WHODAS-2.0 scores among PHC diagnosed and non-diagnosed cases (n = 131)

From: Functional impairment among people diagnosed with depression in primary healthcare in rural Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study

Variables

CRR (95% CI)

ARR (95% CI)

Sex

 Male

1.0

1.0

 Female

0.91 [0.80, 1.03]

1.02 [0.90, 1.15]

Age in years

1.00 (0.99, 1.01]

1.00 [0.99, 1.01)

Marital status

 Never married

1.0

1.0

 Currently married

0.90 [0.77, 1.04]

1.07 [0.90, 1.29]

 Formerly married

0.99 [0.82, 1.21]

1.06 [0.87, 1.30]

Residence

 Urban

1.0

1.0

 Rural

0.82 [0.72, 0.94]

0.90 [0.80, 1.02]

Number of years of education completed

0.99 [0.98, 1.01]

0.98 [0.96, 0.99]

Number of children participants have

 No child

1.0

1.0

 1–4 children

0.93 [0.80, 1.08]

0.83 [0.68, 1.01]

 More than 4 children

0.95 [0.81, 1.11]

0.88 [0.72, 1.08]

Income level

 Lower

1.0

1.0

 Middle or higher

0.90 [0.80, 1.02]

0.97 [0.88, 1.06]

Economic deprivation

1.07 [1.01, 1.13]

1.04 [0.99, 1.09]

Alcohol use disorder symptom score

1.00 [0.99, 1.01]

1.00 [0.99, 1.01]

Stressful life events

1.04 [1.01, 1.07]

1.01 [0.99, 1.03]

Social support

0.95 [0.93, 0.96]

0.96 [0.94, 0.97]

Depressive symptom score

1.04 [1.03, 1.06]

1.04 [1.03, 1.05]

PHC depression diagnosis

 Controls

1.0

1.0

 PHC diagnosed cases

1.07 [0.94, 1.21]

0.96 [0.87, 1.06]

Suicidal ideation

 No

1.0

1.0

 Yes

1.11 [0.99, 1.24]

1.01 [0.91, 1.13]

Suicidal plan

 No

1.0

1.0

 Yes

1.04 [0.92, 1.18]

0.97 [0.82, 1.14]

Suicidal attempt

 No

1.0

1.0

 Yes

1.02 [0.87, 1.17]

0.94 [0.79, 1.12]

  1. Values in italics indicate statistical significance
  2. CRR crude relative risk, ARR adjusted relative risk, WHODAS WHO Disability Assessment Schedule, AUDIT alcohol use disorder identification test, LTE list of threatening experiences, OSSS Oslo Social Support Scale, PHQ Patient Health Questionnaire, PHC Primary Healthcare