|
Factors
|
Monthly OOP payment in Birr, mean (SD)
|
Share of health payment as % of non-food consumption
|
OOPCHE (40%+)
|
Unadjusted model
|
Adjusted model
|
|---|
|
Odds ratio (95% CI)
|
Odds ratio (95% CI)
|
|---|
|
Households of person with SMD
|
50.6 (82.1)
|
30.6
|
32.2
|
2.1 (1.2, 3.6)**
|
1.5 (1.0, 2.7)*
|
|
Households without person with SMD
|
51.7 (61.0)
|
22.7
|
18.2
|
1.00a
|
1.00a
|
|
Household size
| | | |
0.5 (0.4, 0.7)***
|
0.6 (0.4, 0.9)**
|
|
Age ≥ 60 years in HH
|
|
Yes
|
50.0 (78.8)
|
29.1
|
33.0
|
1.4 (0.9, 2.3)
|
1.2 (1.1, 2.2)*
|
|
No
|
50.5 (64.3)
|
27.2
|
25.1
|
1.00a
|
1.00a
|
|
Area of residence
|
|
Urban
|
58.1 (74.2)
|
26.6
|
27.1
|
0.9 (0.5, 1.7)
|
1.3 (0.6, 2.5)
|
|
Rural
|
49.2 (76.3)
|
28.4
|
27.8
|
1.00a
|
1.00a
|
|
Gender of the head of the HH
|
|
Male
|
49.9 (75.5)
|
26.7
|
25.4
|
0.6 (0.3, 1.1)
|
0.9 (0.5, 1.7)
|
|
Female
|
50.9 (71.3)
|
31.0
|
34.0
|
1.00a
|
1.00a
|
|
Household head education
|
|
No formal education
|
44.2 (54.3)
|
27.1
|
24.3
|
0.8 (0.3, 1.8)
|
0.7 (0.3, 1.9)
|
|
Primary education
|
63.0 (106.0)
|
29.8
|
35.3
|
1.4 (0.6, 3.2)
|
1.5 (0.6, 3.9)
|
|
More than primary education
|
59.8 (88.4)
|
28.6
|
27.7
|
1.00a
|
1.00a
|
|
Children in the household
|
|
0
|
54.8 (72.0)
|
36.0
|
40.5
|
2.6 (1.4, 4.7)**
|
1.2 (0.5, 3.0)
|
|
1–2
|
56.9 (73.3)
|
29.0
|
27.8
|
1.4 (0.8, 2.5)
|
0.8 (0.4, 1.7)
|
|
3 and more
|
43.5 (80.0)
|
22.8
|
20.6
|
1.00a
|
1.00a
|
|
Consumption quintile
|
|
Quintile 1 (lowest)
|
21.2 (14.3)
|
38.0
|
45.7
|
9.5 (3.7, 24.0)***
|
10.8 (3.8, 30.5)***
|
|
Quintile 2
|
34.5 (32.4)
|
34.8
|
38.0
|
6.9 (2.7, 17.5)***
|
8.2 (2.9, 22.9)***
|
|
Quintile 3
|
59.7 (79.4)
|
29.6
|
29.3
|
4.6 (1.8, 11.7)**
|
5.7 (2.0, 15.8)**
|
|
Quintile 4
|
60.1 (70.0)
|
26.7
|
25.6
|
3.8 (1.5, 9.9)**
|
4.9 (1.7, 13.5)**
|
|
Quintile 5 (highest)
|
67.7 (110.5)
|
16.0
|
8.1
|
1.00a
|
1.00a
|
- OOPCHE: out-of-pocket catastrophic health expenditure; HH: household
- * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; US$1 = Birr 20.69 (2015)
- aReference group
