Table 1 Sample characteristics
From: Loneliness correlates and associations with health variables in the general population in Indonesia
Variable | Variable specification | Total |
|---|---|---|
Total, n | Â | 31,447 |
Age, median (IQR) | Â | 35.0 (22.0) |
Sex | Males | 49.2% |
Females | 50.8% | |
Age | 15–29 | 21.9% |
30–59 | 58.8% | |
60 or more | 19.3% | |
Education | High school or higher | 58.1% |
None or elementary | 41.9% | |
Subjective economic background | Poor | 24.8% |
Medium | 46.7% | |
Rich | 28.5% | |
Marital status | Unmarried | 16.4% |
Married, cohabitating | 72.9% | |
Separated/divorced/widowed | 10.6% | |
Residence | Urban | 53.4% |
Childhood hunger | Yes | 8.4% |
Childhood health status | Poor/fair | 37.2% |
Good | 40.2% | |
Very good | 22.6% | |
Chronic conditions | One or more | 35.1% |
Instrumental activities of daily living | Yes | 23.7% |
Social capital | Low | 41.5% |
Neighbourhood trust | Scale | M = 6.0 (SD = 0.8) |
Self-rated status | Unhealthy | 21.9% |
Cognitive functioning | Scale | M = 18.8 (SD = 4.6) |
Hypertensiona | Yes | 31.9% |
Stroke | Yes | 1.0% |
Heart problems | Yes | 1.9% |
Diabetes | Yes | 2.7% |
Depression symptoms | Scale | M = 5.9 (SD = 4.4) |
Sleep disturbance | Scale | M = 2.2 (SD = 0.7) |
Sleep related impairment | Scale | M = 1.9 (SD = 0.9) |
Life satisfaction | Low | 14.6% |
Out-patient visit in the past 4Â weeks | Yes | 18.9% |
Body mass indexa | Scale | M = 23.3 (SD = 4.6) |
Tobacco use | Current | 32.9% |
Physical activity | Inactive | 47.7% |
Fruit and vegetable consumption | Infrequent | 38.2% |
Soft drink consumption | One day or more in a week | 17.9% |
Loneliness | Rarely or none of the time (< 1 day) | 81.0% |
Some or a little of the time (1–2 days) | 8.0% | |
Occasionally/moderate amount of time (3–4 days) | 7.3% | |
All of the time (5–7 days) | 3.3% |