Table 6 Factors associated with total inpatient costs (GEE Model)

Follow-up years

 Baseline (reference group)

 First year

0.097***

0.007

4964.3

0.081***

0.010

4277.5

0.120***

0.010

5885.0

 Second year

0.087***

0.007

4443.3

0.075***

0.010

3973.3

0.102***

0.010

5027.3

 Third year

0.124***

0.008

6356.6

0.126***

0.011

6618.8

0.125***

0.011

6135.1

Age

 18 ≤ age < 30 (reference group)

 30 ≤ age < 40

0.162***

0.030

8280.9

0.223***

0.057

11,751.0

0.115***

0.035

5670.0

 40 ≤ age < 50

0.042**

0.018

2148.3

0.074**

0.034

3886.1

0.002

0.018

116.0

 50 ≤ age < 60

− 0.001

0.010

− 56.9

− 0.003

0.015

− 172.2

− 0.016

0.012

− 795.9

 ≥ 60

0.018**

0.008

900.3

0.028***

0.010

1470.9

− 0.011

0.012

− 536.1

Gender

 Female (reference group)

 Male

− 0.016

0.008

− 815.8

− 0.004

0.012

− 203.7

− 0.032***

0.011

− 1565.8

Insurance type

 URBMI (reference group)

 UEBMI

0.103***

0.008

5270.0

–

–

–

–

–

–

Hospital levels

 Primary (reference group)

 Secondary

0.091

0.047

4655.8

0.179**

0.076

9423.8

0.0003

0.047

-14.1

 Tertiary

0.447***

0.047

22,894.6

0.576***

0.075

30,330.8

0.299***

0.047

14,701.1

Length of stay (days)

 Days ≤ 100 (reference group)

 100 < days ≤ 300

1.161***

0.019

59,471.0

1.155***

0.025

60,862.5

1.165***

0.029

57,349.4

 > 300 days

1.707***

0.017

87,481.9

1.705***

0.022

89,848.1

1.714***

0.025

84,387.9

Wald chi²

17,506.97

9853.84

8309.63

P-value

< 0.0001

< 0.0001

< 0.0001