|
Variables
|
Influence of SO2 emission intensity on depressive symptoms
|
Influence of TSP emission intensity on depressive symptoms
|
|---|
|
Model 1
|
Model 2
|
Model 3
|
Model 4
|
|---|
|
Coef.
|
Std. Err.
|
Coef.
|
Std. Err.
|
Coef.
|
Std. Err.
|
Coef.
|
Std. Err.
|
|---|
|
Association of air pollution intensity and depressive symptoms and the role of chronic disease among respondents without mental-related chronic disease (N = 10,508)
|
|
Log of SO2 intensity
|
0.952***
|
0.141
|
0.901***
|
0.145
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
|
Log of TSP intensity
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
0.929***
|
0.115
|
0.875***
|
0.118
|
|
Chronic disease
|
–
|
–
|
0.993***
|
0.113
|
–
|
–
|
0.991***
|
0.113
|
|
Log of SO2 intensity × chronic disease
|
–
|
–
|
0.256*
|
0.138
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
|
Log of TSP intensity × chronic disease
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
0.240**
|
0.118
|
|
Adjusted R2
|
0.123
|
0.139
|
0.123
|
0.140
|
|
Wald Chi square
|
862***
|
961***
|
876***
|
974***
|
| |
Model 5
|
Model 6
|
Model 7
|
Model 8
|
|---|
|
Marginal effects
|
Boot. Std.
|
Marginal effects
|
Boot. Std.
|
Marginal effects
|
Boot. Std.
|
Marginal effects
|
Boot. Std.
|
|---|
|
Association of air pollution intensity and depressive symptoms and the role of chronic disease: Tobit model (N = 23,268)
|
|
Log of SO2 intensity
|
1.122***
|
0.101
|
0.969***
|
0.090
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
|
Log of TSP intensity
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
1.169***
|
0.071
|
0.989***
|
0.068
|
|
Chronic disease
|
–
|
–
|
1.227***
|
0.056
|
–
|
–
|
1.230***
|
0.065
|
|
Log of SO2 intensity × chronic disease
|
–
|
–
|
0.191***
|
0.063
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
|
Log of TSP intensity × chronic disease
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
0.248***
|
0.061
|
|
Sigma(u)
|
2.484***
|
0.054
|
2.406***
|
0.038
|
2.491***
|
0.042
|
2.414***
|
0.040
|
|
Sigma(e)
|
3.663***
|
0.029
|
3.661***
|
0.024
|
3.653***
|
0.037
|
3.650***
|
0.030
|
|
Log likelihood
|
− 67,019
|
− 66,835
|
− 66,985
|
− 66,798
|
| |
Model 9
|
Model 10
|
Model 11
|
Model 12
|
|---|
|
Marginal effects
|
Boot. Std.
|
Marginal effects
|
Boot. Std.
|
Marginal effects
|
Boot. Std.
|
Marginal effects
|
Boot. Std.
|
|---|
|
Association of air pollution intensity and depressive symptoms and the role of chronic disease among respondents without mental-related chronic disease: Tobit model (N = 10,508)
|
|
Log of SO2 intensity
|
0.832***
|
0.122
|
0.788***
|
0.128
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
|
Log of TSP intensity
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
0.812***
|
0.102
|
0.765***
|
0.118
|
|
Chronic disease
|
–
|
–
|
0.869***
|
0.102
|
–
|
–
|
0.866***
|
0.114
|
|
Log of SO2 intensity × chronic disease
|
–
|
–
|
0.221**
|
0.091
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
|
Log of TSP intensity × chronic disease
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
0.208**
|
0.107
|
|
Sigma(u)
|
2.098***
|
0.068
|
2.052***
|
0.064
|
2.103***
|
0.071
|
2.056***
|
0.070
|
|
Sigma(e)
|
3.440***
|
0.042
|
3.441***
|
0.050
|
3.434***
|
0.038
|
3.435***
|
0.048
|
|
Log likelihood
|
− 29,353
|
− 29,307
|
− 29,344
|
− 29,297
|
- Models 1–4 are estimated using the xi:xtreg-command in Stata 14, models 5–12 are estimated using the xi:xttobit-command. Decentralization was calculated using the center-command, and Marginal effects was calculated using the margins-command
- Control variables included individual’s demographic, socioeconomic status, health behaviors and city-level climate variables in living areas. City dummy variables were also controlled
- * P < 0.10; ** P < 0.05; *** P < 0.01
