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Table 2 Comparisons of experiences of gender-based violence among transgender women with and without depressive symptoms

From: Exposure to gender-based violence and depressive symptoms among transgender women in Cambodia: findings from the National Integrated Biological and Behavioral Survey 2016

Experiences of ender-based violence

Total (n = 1375)

Depressive symptomsa

No (n = 756)

Yes (n = 619)

p-value†

Co-workers or classmates are supportive regarding transgender identity

< 0.001

 Very much supportive

215 (15.7)

121 (56.3)

94 (43.7)

 

 Supportive

1013 (74.1)

580 (57.3)

433 (42.7)

 

 Not supportive

129 (9.4)

50 (38.8)

79 (61.2)

 

 Not at all supportive

10 (0.7)

3 (30.0)

7 (70.0)

 

Difficulties in getting a job because of transgender identity

< 0.001

 No

794 (51.8)

528 (66.5)

266 (33.5)

 

 Yes

573 (41.9)

226 (39.4)

347 (60.6)

 

Lost a job because of your transgender identity

< 0.001

 No

1037 (75.9)

645 (62.2)

392 (37.8)

 

 Yes

330 (24.1)

109 (33.0)

221 (67.0)

 

Denied/thrown out of a housing because of your transgender identity

< 0.001

 No

1121 (81.0)

673 (60.0)

448 (40.0)

 

 Yes

246 (18.0)

81 (32.9)

165 (67.1)

 

Difficulties in getting HIV services because of your transgender identity

< 0.001

 No

1252 (91.6)

724 (57.8)

528 (42.2)

 

 Yes

115 (8.4)

30 (26.1)

85 (73.9)

 

Difficulties in getting health services because of your transgender identity

< 0.001

 No

1243 (90.9)

725 (58.3)

518 (41.7)

 

 Yes

124 (9.1)

29 (23.4)

95 (76.6)

 

Physically abused because of your transgender identity

< 0.001

 No

1045 (76.4)

638 (61.1)

407 (38.9)

 

 Yes

322 (23.6)

116 (36.0)

206 (64.0)

 

Sexually abused or assaulted because of your transgender identity

< 0.001

 No

830 (60.7)

515 (62.0)

315 (38.0)

 

 Yes

537 (39.3)

239 (44.5)

298 (55.5)

 

Arrested because of your transgender identity

< 0.001

 No

1224 (89.5)

711 (58.1)

513 (41.9)

 

 Yes

143 (10.5)

43 (30.1)

100 (69.9)

 

Dropped school because of your transgender identity

< 0.001

 No

1037 (75.9)

622 (60.0)

415 (40.0)

 

 Yes

330 (24.1)

132 (40.0)

198 (60.0)

 

Fearful of being arrested by police/authorities because of transgender identity

< 0.001

 No

1028 (75.2)

635 (61.8)

393 (38.2)

 

 Yes

339 (24.8)

119 (35.1)

220 (64.9)

 
  1. Values are numbers of subjects (%) for categorical variables
  2. † Chi square test was used for categorical variables or Fisher’s exact test was used as appropriate
  3. a Defined by a Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) score of ≥ 16