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Table 4 Multivariate logistic regression analysis for the associations of current smoking among male and female patients among psychiatric patients (N = 1193)

From: Gender differences and risk factors for smoking among patients with various psychiatric disorders in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

 

Current smoking in males (N = 543)

Current smoking in females (N = 505)

Odds ratio

95% confidence interval

p value

Odds ratio

95% confidence interval

p value

Full adjustmenta plus disorders

 Education (educated)

1.82

1.03–3.23

0.040

   

 Family income (< 6000 SR)

1.90

1.26–2.86

0.002

   

 BMI (non-obese)

1.49

1.00–2.22

0.053

   

 Hospitalization status (inpatient)

1.72

1.16–2.56

0.007

   

 Substance abuse

5.28

3.52–7.93

< 0.001

10.56

3.78–29.53

< 0.001

 Primary psychotic disorders

   

3.47

1.45–8.27

0.005

Full adjustmenta plus medications

 Education (educated)

   

3.09

0.90–10.55

0.072

 Marital status (unmarried)

1.44

0.94–2.20

0.092

   

 Family income (< 6000 SR)

1.58

1.04–2.39

0.032

   

 Hospitalization status (inpatient)

   

2.38

0.91–6.20

0.077

 Age at disease onset (≥ 25 years)

   

2.94

1.00–8.46

0.049

 Substance abuse

5.18

3.39–7.92

< 0.001

14.15

4.32–46.35

< 0.001

 Antipsychotic medications

1.79

1.10–2.93

0.020

4.68

0.95–22.95

0.057

  1. Data in italic means it is statistically significant (p value is < 0.05)
  2. aAdjusted for the following in males: marital status, educational level, family income, type of residential area, obesity, hospitalization status, previous psychiatric hospitalization, and substance abuse. Adjusted for the following in females: educational level, physical activity, hospitalization status, age at disease onset, previous psychiatric hospitalization, and substance abuse