Table 3 Qualitative summary of the efficacy of interventions by type of mental health outcome

PTSD/trauma-related symptoms

NET

Inactive (N = 8)

●●●●●●●●

Crumlish and O’Rourke [21]; McFarlane and Kaplan [22]; Nickerson et al. [23]; Nosè et al. [20]; Palic and Elklit [24]; Patel et al. [25]; Robjant and Fazel [27]

Supportive counseling, stress inoculation training, trauma counselling (N = 3)

●●○

Without control group (N = 1)

▲

KIDNET

Inactive (N = 1)

●

Crumlish and O’Rourke [21]; Robjant and Fazel [27]

EMDR

Stabilisation (no exposure) (N = 1)

○

Patel et al. [25]

CBT/culturally sensitivity CBT/CPT

Inactive (N = 8)

●●●●○○

■■

Crumlish and O’Rourke [21]; McFarlane and Kaplan [22]; Nickerson et al. [23]; Nosè et al. [20]; Palic and Elklit [24]; Peltonen and Punamaki [26]; Sonne et al. [29]; Sullivan and Simonson [30]; Tyrer and Fazel [31]; Williams and Thompson [33]

Exposure therapy (N = 1)

○

Without control group (N = 3)

▲▲△

Testimony therapy

Without control group (N = 1)

▲

McFarlane and Kaplan [22]; Nickerson et al. [23]; Palic and Elklit [24]

Trauma-focused therapy

Inactive (N = 2)

■■

McFarlane and Kaplan [22]; Nickerson et al. [23]; Nosè et al. [20]; Palic and Elklit [24]; Sullivan and Simonson [30]; Tyrer and Fazel [31]

Child-centered play therapy (N = 1)

○

Without control group (N = 1)

▲

Multimodal interventions/multidisciplinary treatments

Without control group (N = 7)

▲▲▲△△△△

McFarlane and Kaplan [22]; Nickerson et al. [23]; Palic and Elklit [24]; Peltonen and Punamaki [26]; Slobodin and de Jong [28]; Sullivan and Simonson [30]; Tyrer and Fazel [31]; Van Wyk and Schweitzer [32]

Antidepressants^a

Without control group (N = 1)

▲

Crumlish and O’Rourke [21]; Sonne et al. [29]

Antidepressants^b + supportive therapy

Without control group (N = 2)

▲▲

Sonne et al. [29]

Psychotropic medication + psychodinamic therapy

Inactive (N = 1)

Palic and Elklit [24]; Sonne et al. [29]

Anxiety symptoms

NET

Inactive (N = 1)

○

Crumlish and O’Rourke [21]; Nickerson et al. [23]; Palic and Elklit [24]; Robjant and Fazel [27]

Supportive counseling (N = 1)

○

EMDR

Stabilisation (no exposure) (N = 1)

○

Patel et al. [25]

CBT/culturally sensitivity CBT/CPT

Inactive (N = 4)

●●●

Crumlish and O’Rourke [21]; McFarlane and Kaplan [22]; Nickerson et al. [23]; Palic and Elklit [24]; Peltonen and Punamaki [26]; Sonne et al. [29]; Sullivan and Simonson [30]; Tyrer and Fazel [31]

Exposure therapy (N = 1)

○

■

Without control group (N = 2)

▲△

Multimodal interventions/multidisciplinary treatments

Without control group (N = 6)

▲▲△△△△

McFarlane and Kaplan [22]; Nickerson et al. [23]; Palic and Elklit [24]; Peltonen and Punamaki [26]; Slobodin and de Jong [28]; Van Wyk and Schweitzer [32]; Tyrer and Fazel [31]

Depressive symptoms

NET

Inactive (N = 5)

●●○○○

□

Crumlish and O’Rourke [21]; McFarlane and Kaplan [22]; Nickerson et al. [23]; Nosè et al. [20]; Palic and Elklit [24]; Patel et al. [25]; Robjant and Fazel [27]

Supportive counseling, stress inoculation training (N = 2)

○○

Without control group (N = 1)

▲

EMDR

Stabilisation (no exposure) (N = 1)

○

Patel et al. [25]

CBT/culturally Sensitivity CBT/CPT

Inactive (N = 5)

●●○○

Crumlish and O’Rourke [21]; McFarlane and Kaplan [22]; Nickerson et al. [23]; Nosè et al. [20]; Palic and Elklit [24]; Peltonen and Punamaki [26]; Sonne et al. [29]; Sullivan and Simonson [30]; Tyrer and Fazel [31]

Exposure therapy (N = 1)

○

Without control group (N = 3)

▲▲△

Testimony therapy

Without control group (N = 1)

▲

McFarlane and Kaplan [22]; Nickerson et al. [23]; Palik and Elklit [24]

Multimodal interventions/multidisciplinary treatments

Without control group (N = 7)

▲▲▲△△△△

McFarlane and Kaplan [22]; Nickerson et al. [23]; Palic and Elklit [24]; Peltonen and Punamaki [26]; Slobodin and de Jong [28]; Sullivan and Simonson [30]; Van Wyk and Schweitzer [32]; Tyrer and Fazel [31]

Antidepressants^c

Without control group (N = 1)

Crumlish and O’Rourke [21]; Sonne et al. [29]