Study | 1. Priori design provided | 2. Duplicate study selection and data extraction | 3. Comprehensive literature search | 4. Status of publication an inclusion criteria | 5. List of studies provided (included and excluded) | 6. Characteristics of studies provided | 7. Scientific quality of studies assessed | 8. Scientific quality used appropriately in formulating conclusions | 9. Appropriate methods used to combine study findings | 10. Likelihood of publication bias assessed | 11. Conflict of interest included | Overall quality rating |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prevalence | ||||||||||||
 Alemi et al. [10] | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✘ | ✔b | ✘ | ✔ | 5/11 (moderate) |
 Bogic et al. [17] | ✔a | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✘ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔b | ✔ | ✔ | 10/11 (high) |
 Bronstein and Montgomery [13] | ✔ | ✘ | ✔ | ✔ | ✘ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔b | ✘ | ✘ | 7/11 (moderate) |
 Fazel et al. [8] | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✔ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✔ | 5/11 (moderate) |
 Keyes [18] | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | 2/11 (low) |
 Lindert et al. [9] | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | 3/11 (low) |
 Mills et al. [14] | ✘ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔b | ✘ | ✔ | 6/11 (moderate) |
 Mills et al. [15] | ✘ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔b | ✘ | ✘ | 5/11 (moderate) |
 Quosh et al. [16] | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✔ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔b | ✘ | ✘ | 4/11 (low) |
 Robjant et al. [11] | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | 3/11 (low) |
 Slewa-Younan et al. [12] | ✘ | ✔ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | 5/11 (moderate) |
 Steel et al. [2] | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✔ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | 6/11 (moderate) |
 Storm and Enberg [19] | ✘ | ✔ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔b | ✘ | ✔ | 5/11 (moderate) |
Intervention | ||||||||||||
 Crumlish and O’Rourke [21] | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔b | ✘ | ✘ | 7/11 (moderate) |
 Mc Farlane and Kaplan [22] | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✔ | ✘ | ✔b | ✘ | ✘ | 4/11 (low) |
 Nickerson et al. [23] | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✔ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | 3/11 (low) |
 Nosè et al. [20] | ✔ | ✘ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | 10/11 (high) |
 Palic and Elklit [24] | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✘ | ✔b | ✘ | ✔ | 8/11 (moderate) |
 Patel et al. [25] | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | 11/11 (high) |
 Peltonen and Punamäki [26] | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | 4/11 (low) |
 Robjant and Fazel [27] | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✔ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | 3/11 (low) |
 Slobodin and de Jong [28] | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | 3/11 (low) |
 Sonne et al. [29] | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔b | ✘ | ✔ | 4/11 (low) |
 Sullivan and Simonson [30] | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔b | ✘ | ✘ | 3/11 (low) |
 Tyrer and Fazel [31] | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✔ | ✘ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔b | ✘ | ✔ | 7/11 (moderate) |
 van Wyk and Schweitzer [32] | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | 2/11 (low) |
 Williams and Thompson [33] | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✔ | ✔ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | ✘ | 3/11 (low) |