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Table 5 Association between CMD and substance use habit and health complaints, April 2015

From: Common mental disorder and its association with academic performance among Debre Berhan University students, Ethiopia

Variables

CMD (K10 score ≥7)

Bivariate regression model

Multiple regression model

No

n (%)

Yes

n (%)

p value

OR (95% CI)

p value

OR (95% CI)

Cigarettes smoking

 No

136 (36.8)

234 (63.2)

    

 Yes (with any frequency)

7 (38.9)

11 (61.1)

0.83

0.9 (0.34, 2.38)

0.95

1.1 (0.23, 4.85)

Khat chewing

 No

130 (36.3)

228 (63.7)

    

 Yes (with any frequency)

13 (43.3)

17 (56.7)

0.42

0.7 (0.33, 1.58)

0.39

0.6 (0.15, 2.12)

Alcohol drinking

 Never

98 (44.1)

124 (55.9)

    

 Less than once per month

24 (24.0)

76 (76.0)

0.001

2.5 (1.49, 4.35)

0.01

2.7 (1.33, 5.66)

 More than once per month

21 (31.8)

45 (68.2)

0.05

1.8 (0.99, 3.23)

0.04

2.4 (1.02, 5.86)

Headache

 Yes

27 (17.9)

124 (82.1)

<0.001

4.4 (2.70, 7.23)

0.02

2.1 (1.10, 3.86)

 No

116 (48.9)

121 (51.1)

    

Back pain

 Yes

11 (15.3)

61 (84.7)

<0.001

3.6 (1.85, 7.15)

0.05

2.3 (1.00, 5.19)

 No

132 (41.8)

184 (58.2)

    

Fever

 Yes

29 (20.6)

112 (79.4)

<0.001

3.2 (1.96, 5.11)

0.08

1.7 (0.92, 3.14)

 No

114 (46.2)

133 (53.8)

    

Other complaintsa

 Yes

9 (11.5)

69 (88.5)

<0.001

5.5 (2.65, 11.24)

0.002

3.9 (1.67, 9.07)

 No

134 (43.2)

176 (56.8)

    

Suicidal thought

 Yes

4 (18.2)

18 (81.8)

0.07

2.8 (0.92, 8.41)

0.35

0.5 (0.13, 2.06)

 No

139 (38.0)

227 (62.0)

    

Insomnia

 No

86 (57.7)

63 (42.3)

    

 Yes

57 (23.8)

182 (76.2)

<0.001

4.4 (2.81, 6.77)

<0.001

3.8 (2.21, 6.57)

  1. aPain, respiratory disease, gastrointestinal disease, renal disease, and other (anemia, hypertension, fungal infection of the hair, heart problem, ear problem, sadness, hopelessness, fatigue, lack of interest, stress, anxiousness, happiness, and depression)