Skip to main content

Table 5 Results of MANOVA testing effects of country and gender on sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, chronotype, depression, stress, social phobia, test anxiety and self-efficacy

From: Sleep disturbances and mental strain in university students: results from an online survey in Luxembourg and Germany

Variable

Pillai’s trace

 

Significance

Effect size

Country

0.003

F (8, 2471) = 0.91

p = .553

η2 = .003

Gender

0.029

F (8, 2471) = 9.29

p = .000*

η2 = .029

Country* gender

0.004

F (8, 2471) = 1.39

p = .265

η2 = .004

  1. * p < 0.05