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Table 3 Cross-tabulation of socio-demographic characteristics and place patients first sought psychiatric treatment

From: Pathways to psychiatric care for mental disorders: a retrospective study of patients seeking mental health services at a public psychiatric facility in Ghana

Place patients first sought psychiatric treatment—n(%)

Socio-demographic characteristics

Psychiatric hospital

Non-psychiatric hospital

χ 2 (df)

p value

Sex

Male

28 (50.0)

28 (50.0)

0.01 (1)

0.919

Female

25 (49.0)

26 (51.0)

  

Age (years)

<20

3 (5.4)

2 (3.9)

  

20–29

14 (25.0)

19 (37.3)

  

30–39

16 (28.6)

13 (25.5)

Exact

0.734

40–49

12 (21.4)

7 (13.7)

  

50–59

5 (8.9)

6 (11.8)

  

≥60

6 (10.7)

4 (7.8)

  

Educational level

No formal education

7 (12.5)

7 (13.7)

  

Basic educationa

22 (39.3)

20 (39.2)

0.06 (3)

0.997

Secondary educationb

14 (25.0)

12 (23.5)

  

Tertiary

13 (23.2)

12 (23.5)

  

Marital status

Single/never married

28 (50.0)

34 (66.7)

  

Married

16 (28.6)

10 (19.6)

Exact

0.344

Widowed

5 (8.9)

1 (2.0)

  

Divorced

4 (7.1)

4 (7.8)

  

Separated

3 (5.4)

2 (3.9)

  

Religion

Christian

46 (82.1)

46 (90.2)

1.44 (1)

0.231

Others

10 (17.9)

5 (9.8)

  

Occupation

Unemployed

28 (50.0)

15 (29.4)

  

Self-employed

22 (39.2)

22 (43.1)

6.91 (2)

0.033*

Public servants

6 (10.7)

14 (27.5)

  

Distance (in km) (mean ± SD)c

0.17 ± 0.07

0.16 ± 0.06

1.35 (105)d

0.1773

Ethnicity

Akan

20 (35.7)

20 (39.2)

0.14 (1)

0.708

others

36 (64.3)

31 (60.8)

  
  1. χ 2 Chi square test statistic; df degrees of freedom; numbers in parentheses indicate column percentages; Exact estimates from Fishers Exact test
  2. * p < 0 0.05
  3. aPrimary/junior high
  4. bSenior high/vocational
  5. c \(\left( {\frac{1}{{\sqrt {\text{distance}} }}} \right)\) transformation
  6. dEstimates the studentized t-test statistic