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Table 5 Adjusted odds ratio (with 95 % confidence interval) for poor SRH by levels of cognitive social capital for women and men in Sweden and Ukraine

From: Gender differences in the association between cognitive social capital, self-rated health, and depressive symptoms: a comparative analysis of Sweden and Ukraine

Variables

Sweden

Ukraine

Women

Men

Women

Men

Social capital

 Trust in the national government/parliament

  High

1***

1***

1**

1**

  Moderate

1.50 (1.27–1.76)

1.26 (1.06–1.49)

1.29 (0.77–2.16)

1.24 (0.66–2.36)

  Low

1.99 (1.58–2.50)

1.82 (1.48–2.24)

1.88 (1.12–3.15)

1.67 (0.90–3.12)

  No opinion

1.77 (1.49–2.10)

1.26 (0.99–1.58)

  

 Feeling of safety

  High

1***

1***

1***

1***

  Moderate

1.63 (1.35–1.98)

3.03 (2.14–4.28)

1.35 (0.81–2.24)

1.02 (0.64–1.63)

  Low

2.15 (1.55–2.99)

2.75 (1.58–4.80)

1.44 (0.91–2.26)

1.20 (0.76–1.89)

  Never alone

2.25 (1.80–2.81)

2.63 (1.64–4.23)

  

Other variables

 Age

  18–29

1***

1***

1***

1***

  30–59

1.50 (1.24–1.81)

1.88 (1.50–2.36)

5.55 (3.79–8.13)

4.46 (2.73–7.31)

  60+

2.05 (1.65–2.55)

2.95 (2.29–3.80)

56.97 (29.1–111.7)

22.8 (11.4–45.6)

 Education

  Short

1***

1***

1***

1***

  Medium

0.78 (0.65–0.95)

0.69 (0.57–0.83)

0.73 (0.30–1.76)

0.62 (0.26–1.47)

  Long

0.71 (0.60–0.84)

0.62 (0.51–0.74)

0.48 (0.20–1.17)

0.54 (0.22–1.28)

 Marital status

  Living without a partner

1***

1***

1

1

  Living with partner

0.93 (0.81–1.06)

0.72 (0.61–0.85)

1.28 (0.91–1.80)

1.37 (0.87–2.17)

 Small children

  No

1***

1***

1***

1***

  Yes

0.64 (0.52–0.80)

0.94 (0.75–1.19)

0.98 (0.61–1.57)

1.41 (0.70–2.86)

 Smoking

  No

1***

1***

1***

1***

  Yes

1.80 (1.53–2.10)

1.63 (1.35–1.97)

1.68 (0.91–3.09)

0.92 (0.62–1.37)

 Alcohol ever

  No

1***

1***

1

1

  Yes

0.51 (0.43–0.61)

0.62 (0.49–0.79)

2.18 (1.50–3.17)

1.85 (1.09–3.13)

  1. The asterisks denote significant level of Chi Square test of p < 0.05 (*) or p < 0.01 (**) or p < 0.001 (***)