Hospitalization of high and low inpatient service users before and after enrollment into Assertive Community Treatment teams: a naturalistic observational study

Table 1 Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of high and low users upon ACT enrollment

	Non-high users		High users		p value
	N	%	N	%	p value
Socio-demographic characteristics
Sex (male)	43	64	51	69	0.594^a
Age, mean (SD)	42 (10.8)		38 (9.7)		0.015 ^c
Ethnicity					0.890^b
Norwegian	54	83	60	85
Other European	6	9	5	7
Outside Europe	5	8	6	8
Marital status					0.710^b
Unmarried	49	72	57	77
Married/cohabitant	7	10	5	7
Education					0.243^b
Completed primary school	36	58	40	57
Completed upper secondary school	23	37	21	30
Completed higher education	3	5	9	13
Employment status					0.669^b
Unemployed	56	83	62	84
Competitive job/study	5	7	3	4
Other	7	10	9	12
Living situation					0.034 ^b
Alone	49	72	42	57
With family	15	22	16	22
Staffed housing/supported housing/institutions (hospital, prison, hospice)/homeless/unstable living situation	4	6	15	21
Clinical Characteristics
Diagnosis					0.659^b
Schizophrenia, schizo-affective or other psychotic disorder	53	86	62	89
Bipolar disorder	4	6	5	7
Other psychiatric disorder	5	8	3	4
Community treatment order (yes)	14	21	37	50	<0.001 ^a
Substance abuse					0.321^b
None	32	47	27	37
Alcohol (AUDIT)	12	18	10	13
Other substances (DUDIT)	11	16	14	19
Alcohol and other substances (AUDIT and DUDIT)	13	19	23	31

	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	p value
AUDIT total score	7.87	9.21	8.30	9.05	0.954^d
DUDIT total score	7.54	11.37	10.58	13.01	0.141^d
Psychiatric symptoms
BPRS mean total score	2.51	0.82	2.40	0.79	0.408^d
BPRS positive symptoms	2.50	1.32	2.47	1.23	0.938^d
BPRS negative symptoms	2.60	1.24	2.39	1.07	0.316^d
BPRS agitation mania	2.25	1.16	2.07	1.02	0.369^d
BPRS anxiety/depressive symptoms	2.80	0.89	2.64	1.11	0.362^c
Global level of functioning (GAF)	38.6	8.7	37.4	8.6	0.412^c
Level of functioning (PSF)	4.33	4.33	4.25	1.58	0.781^c
Engagement and acceptance of contact with services (HEAS)	9.42	3.00	9.89	2.97	0.360^c

ISSN: 1752-4458