Table 1 Structure of the final guidelines

Understanding cultural influences

Be aware of the impacts of culture and history

Learn about the adolescent’s cultural beliefs and concept of mental illness

Be aware of challenges the adolescent might be experiencing

Think about the impact that family may have on the adolescent

Understand what might cause the adolescent to feel shame

Making the approach

Approach the adolescent in a sensitive and appropriate manner

Know how to handle concerns about cultural or gender differences

Ask the adolescent who they wish to involve in discussions

If you can’t help, ensure someone else does

Engage the adolescent before discussing personal issues

Tips for good communication

Make the adolescent the focus of the interaction

Be warm and non-judgmental

Be honest, reliable and consistent

Adapt your communication style

Talk to the adolescent in a calm and confident manner

Use clear and simple language

Let the adolescent tell their story

Be aware of body language

Provide comfortable and appropriate amount of personal space

Discussing mental illness with the adolescent

Let the adolescent tell you about their experiences and beliefs

Eating disorders in Aboriginal adolescents

Know how to share your own experience of mental illness

Discussing options and getting help

Offer the adolescent options and assistance in finding a solution to their problem

Recommend that the adolescent talk to a professional as soon as possible

Encourage the use of other supports in the adolescent’s community

In a crisis

Handling difficulties in the interaction

Exercise self-care