Table 1 Description of Ghanaian adults (18 and over) by psychological distress and socioeconomic characteristics (N = 5,391)
From: Psychological distress in Ghana: associations with employment and lost productivity
Overall * | Employed§ | Unemployed seeking work§ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 5,391 | N = 4,855 (91.1%) | N = 536 (8.9%) | P-valuea | |
Age | 42.5 (0.24) | 42.9 (0.26) | 38.7 (0.82) | <0.001 |
Sex | 0.580 | |||
Female | 2897 | 90.9% | 9.1% | |
Male | 2494 | 91.3% | 8.7% | |
Marital Status | <0.001 | |||
Married | 3945 | 91.6% | 8.4% | |
Separated/Divorced | 470 | 93.4% | 6.6% | |
Widowed | 355 | 94.7% | 5.3% | |
Never Married | 621 | 83.0% | 17.0% | |
Education | <0.001 | |||
None | 1875 | 85.7% | 14.3% | |
Primary or Less | 796 | 93.5% | 6.5% | |
Middle | 1981 | 94.1% | 5.9% | |
Secondary and Above | 739 | 93.6% | 6.4% | |
Region | <0.001 | |||
Western | 562 | 83.6% | 16.4% | |
Central | 540 | 96.0% | 4.0% | |
Greater Accra | 388 | 94.6% | 5.4% | |
Volta | 672 | 96.6% | 3.4% | |
Eastern | 668 | 96.7% | 3.3% | |
Ashanti | 869 | 95.7% | 4.3% | |
Brong Ahafo | 454 | 95.5% | 4.5% | |
Northern | 850 | 81.8% | 18.2% | |
Upper East | 251 | 60.2% | 39.8% | |
Upper West | 137 | 87.0% | 13.0% | |
General Health | 0.238 | |||
Very Healthy | 4003 | 91.4% | 8.6% | |
Somewhat Healthy | 987 | 91.1% | 8.9% | |
Unhealthy | 401 | 87.8% | 12.2% | |
Religion | <0.001 | |||
Christian | 3656 | 93.0% | 7.0% | |
Muslim | 848 | 87.3% | 12.7% | |
Traditional | 544 | 83.0% | 17.0% | |
No Religion | 343 | 90.7% | 9.3% | |
Wealth Quintiles | <0.001 | |||
Lowest 20% | 951 | 79.1% | 20.9% | |
21–40% | 1225 | 85.5% | 14.5% | |
41–60% | 1047 | 94.1% | 5.9% | |
61–80% | 1052 | 97.4% | 2.6% | |
Highest 20% | 1116 | 97.7% | 2.3% | |
Alcohol Consumption | 0.315 | |||
None (0 days/week) | 2,023 | 90.2% | 9.8% | |
Some (1–4 days/week) | 905 | 90.8% | 9.2% | |
High (5–7 days/week) | 403 | 93.5% | 6.5% | |
No Response | 2,032 | 91.7% | 8.3% | |
Psychological Distress | <0.001 | |||
Mild/No Distress | 4274 | 93.8% | 6.2% | |
Moderate | 701 | 84.6% | 15.4% | |
Severe | 416 | 71.3% | 28.7% |