Table 3 Adjusted association of different variables with depression episodes, Ethiopia 2003

Residence

 Rural

1.4 (1.06-1.96)

1.1 (0.81-1.61)

 Urban

1

1

Sex

 Male

1

1

 Female

1.3 (1.02-1.53)

0.9 (0.68-1.19)

Age group

 18–30

1

1

 31–44

1.7 (1.28-2.18)

1.1 (0.85-1.52)

 45–54

2.2 (1.62-3.01)

1.3 (0.98-1.79)

 55–64

3.2 (2.34-4.46)

1.4 (1.01-2.14)

 65–74

4.4 (3.09-6.39)

1.8 (1.21-2.81)

 75+

6.0 ( 3.78-9.65)

2.2 (1.28-3.78)

Educational status

 Illiterate

1.5 (0.87-2.78)

0.9 (0.43-1.73)

 1-4 grade

0.9 (0.46-1.81)

0.6. (0.31-1.35)

 5-8 grade

1.1 (0.54-2.10)

0.8 (0.39-1.62)

 9-12 grade

1.2 (0.58-2.33)

1.0 (0.49-2.09)

 Higher

1

1

Marital status

 Never married

1

1

 Currently married

1.9 (1.31-2.99)

1.5 (0.95-2.33)

 Separated

1.4 (0.57-3.65)

1.2 (0.45-3.15)

 Divorced

3.0 (1.73-5.28)

2.0 (1.12-3.72)

 Widowed

3.3 (1.79-5.64)

2.4 (1.39-4.28)

Current job

 Employed

1

1

 Unemployed

0.85 (0.68-1.07)

0.98 (0.77-1.26)

Income level

 ≤ 500 birr

1

1

 501–999 birr

1.3 (0.87-1.97)

1.4 (0.89-2.10)

 ≥ 1000 birr

1.6 (0.81-3.22)

1.9 (0.90-3.91)

Number of diagnosed chronic diseases

 None

1

1

 One

2.8 (2.20-3.50)

2.6 (2.03-3.25)

 2+

4.9 (3.79-6.55)

4.2 (3.18-5.57)

Alcohol consumption

 Life time abstainer

1

1

 Non heavy drinkers

2.3 (1.87-2.89)

2.0 (1.63-2.57)

 Infrequent heavy drinkers

2.5 (1.54-4.09)

2.2 (1.33-3.64)

 Frequent heavy drinkers

1.9 (1.42-2.79)

1.6 (1.13-2.28)