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Table 2 Patient, Caregiver and illness factors and caregivers' Quality of Life

From: Schizophrenia in Malaysian families: A study on factors associated with quality of life of primary family caregivers

 

Physical domain

Psychological domain

Social domain

Environmental domain

 

Mean ± SD

t

p a

Mean ± SD

t

p a

Mean ± SD

t

p a

Mean ± SD

t

p a

Patient factor

            

   Age

            

≤ 45 years (77)

> 45 years (40)

65.90 ± 14.96

65.03 ± 13.22

-0.789

0.432

61.53 ± 16.23

60.93 ± 13.08

0.216

0.829

62.35 ± 17.46

63.58 ± 17.27

-0.362

0.718

63.49 ± 14.98

65.03 ± 14.76

-0.530

0.598

   Gender

            

Male (49)

Female (68)

64.82 ± 15.63

67.93 ± 13.34

-1.128

0.262

61.02 ± 15.53

61.54 ± 15.63

-0.719

0.858

61.61 ± 14.80

63.60 ± 19.02

-0.611

0.542

63.53 ± 15.43

64.37 ± 14.54

-0.297

0.767

   Marital status

            

Married (30)

Single/Divorced/Widowed (87)

68.50 ± 11.47

65.98 ± 15.24

0.950

0.346

64.37 ± 13.60

60.28 ± 16.07

1.354

0.181

59.33 ± 17.69

63.95 ± 17.15

-1.243

0.220

64.57 ± 14.31

63.83 ± 15.42

0.252

0.802

   Employment status

            

Yes (23)

No (94)

69.43 ± 16.34

65.94 ± 13.85

0.947

0.351

68.96 ± 15.53

59.46 ± 15.02

2.646

0.012*

62.78 ± 15.50

62.77 ± 17.83

0.004

0.996

68.57 ± 15.47

62.90 ± 14.57

1.591

0.121

   Financial aid

            

Yes (11)

No (106)

65.55 ± 15.08

66.74 ± 14.36

-0.250

0.807

61.09 ± 15.16

61.35 ± 15.63

-0.054

0.958

59.00 ± 14.12

63.16 ± 17.64

-0.906

0.381

63.82 ± 19.69

64.04 ± 14.39

-0.036

0.972

   Educational level

            

Primary (33)

Secondary and above (84)

63.21 ± 14.64

67.96 ± 14.12

-1.596

0.116

55.58 ± 13.54

63.58 ± 15.74

-2.746

0.008*

57.55 ± 18.85

64.52 ± 16.37

-1.948

0.057

60.18 ± 16.35

65.52 ± 14.04

-1.652

0.105

Caregiver factor

            

   Age

            

≤ 45 years (34)

> 45 years (83)

68.41 ± 13.12

65.89 ± 14.86

0.907

0.368

62.03 ± 15.29

61.04 ± 15.70

0.317

0.753

61.91 ± 15.91

63.12 ± 17.96

-0.359

0.721

62.44 ± 13.22

64.65 ± 15.57

-0.769

0.444

   Gender

            

Male (56)

Female (61)

69.46 ± 13.61

64.02 ± 14.65

2.085

0.039*

62.71 ± 13.91

60.05 ± 16.88

0.935

0.352

64.16 ± 16.20

61.49 ± 18.35

0.835

0.405

64.29 ± 13.77

63.77 ± 15.91

0.188

0.851

   Marital status

            

Married (80)

Single/Divorced/Widowed (37)

67.63 ± 13.70

64.46 ± 15.68

1.055

0.295

62.61 ± 16.12

58.54 ± 13.94

1.397

0.166

64.00 ± 19.06

60.11 ± 12.67

1.306

0.194

65.51 ± 15.33

60.78 ± 13.41

1.693

0.094

   Educational level

            

Primary (32)

Secondary and above (85)

59.41 ± 12.64

69.34 ± 14.10

-3.670

0.001*

55.00 ± 13.30

63.71 ± 15.70

-3.000

0.004*

55.66 ± 16.32

65.45 ± 17.03

-2.858

0.006*

56.25 ± 13.91

66.94 ± 14.21

-3.685

0.001*

   Employment status

            

Yes (60)

No (57)

70.42 ± 14.10

62.63 ± 13.66

3.034

0.003*

64.18 ± 14.84

58.32 ± 15.78

2.069

0.041*

63.02 ± 16.03

62.51 ± 18.75

0.157

0.875

64.92 ± 14.22

63.07 ± 15.57

0.669

0.505

Medical problems

            

Yes (33)

No (84)

57.24 ± 15.48

70.31 ± 12.13

-4.351

0.000*

53.73 ± 15.44

64.31 ± 14.59

-3.388

0.001*

58.88 ± 16.54

64.30 ± 17.49

-1.568

0.122

58.85 ± 15.30

66.05 ± 14.26

-2.333

0.023*

   Dependent members

            

< 2 (12)

≥ 2 (105)

65.25 ± 14.52

66.78 ± 14.41

-0.346

0.728

62.00 ± 12.02

61.25 ± 15.92

0.198

0.846

68.83 ± 13.35

62.08 ± 17.65

1.601

0.129

64.08 ± 15.37

64.01 ± 14.88

0.016

0.988

Relationship with patients

            

Parents (51)

Others (66)

62.45 ± 15.23

69.85 ± 12.87

-2.785

0.006*

58.22 ± 16.38

63.73 ± 14.49

-1.897

0.061

62.25 ± 18.63

63.17 ± 16.40

-0.276

0.783

62.24 ± 15.83

63.39 ± 14.03

-1.124

0.264

  

r

p b

 

r

p b

 

r

p b

 

r

p b

SRRS

 

-0.1660

0.086

 

-0.205

0.027*

 

-0.146

0.115

 

-0.233

0.012*

Illness factor

            

   No of hospitalisation

            

< 4 (105)

≥ 4 (12)

66.98 ± 14.19

63.50 ± 16.13

0.717

0.486

61.96 ± 15.11

55.75 ± 18.52

1.120

0.283

64.06 ± 17.17

51.50 ± 15.07

2.694

0.017*

65.13 ± 14.44

54.25 ± 15.47

2.333

0.037*

   Duration of illness

            

< 10 years (53)

≥ 10 years (64)

70.08 ± 12.67

63.77 ± 15.14

2.455

0.016*

64.91 ± 16.05

58.36 ± 14.53

2.291

0.024*

68.87 ± 15.65

57.72 ± 17.14

3.673

0.000*

67.47 ± 14.63

61.16 ± 14.54

2.331

0.022*

   Onset of illness

            

< 45 years (102)

> 45 years (15)

65.73 ± 14.74

72.73 ± 9.84

-2.392

0.025*

60.96 ± 16.08

63.80 ± 11.09

-0.866

0.395

61.27 ± 16.87

72.93 ± 17.60

-2.409

0.027*

63.13 ± 14.62

70.07 ± 15.58

-1.623

0.122

   Attending day care

            

Yes (16)

No (101)

57.94 ± 15.49

68.00 ± 13.76

-2.450

0.024*

53.19 ± 14.78

62.61 ± 15.31

-2.359

0.028*

54.69 ± 14.04

64.05 ± 17.52

-2.389

0.025*

52.50 ± 14.54

65.84 ± 14.14

-3.424

0.003*

   Types of medication

            

Typical/mixed (37)

Atypical (80)

65.95 ± 16.22

66.94 ± 13.52

-0.324

0.747

59.14 ± 13.00

62.34 ± 16.54

-1.133

0.260

59.65 ± 15.62

64.21 ± 17.98

-1.400

0.166

61.73 ± 13.22

65.08 ± 15.51

-1.201

0.233

  

r

p b

 

r

p b

 

r

p b

 

r

p b

BPRS

 

-0.229

0.013*

 

-0.168

0.070

 

-0.181

0.051

 

-0.200

0.031*

  1. SD = standard deviation
  2. p = p value
  3. r = Pearson correlation coefficient
  4. pa = from t test if not otherwise specified
  5. pb = from correlation test