Man Made- War
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Displacements
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Social chaos, uprooting
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Insecurity
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Silence, Withdrawal, isolation, Benumbing
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Dependency, learned helplessness, passivity
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Natural- Tsunami
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Separations
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Breakdown of social structures and institutions
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Terror
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Suspicion
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Distrust, mistrust, paranoia
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Massive destruction
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Unemployment, poverty
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Impunity, social injustice
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'Fight, flight or freeze', Survival, escape, Suicide
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Despair, disbelief, amotivation, hopelessness
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Multiple deaths
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Starvation, hunger, malnutrition
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Breakdown of law and order
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Loss of communality, decrease in social cohesion, tearing of social fabric, Loss of social capital
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Injuries
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Lack of medical care, diseases, epidemics
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Inequity, discrimination
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Cultural practices, rituals
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Adaptive changes in memory, reframing, meaning, realism
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Cultural & social bereavements
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'Repressive ecology', violence, torture, abductions, detentions, disappearances, extrajudicial killings,
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Helplessness, hopelessness
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Adaptation, facing the challenge, problem solving
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Resilience, forbearance, new networks, friendship, relationships, hope
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Losses
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Rumours, disinformation
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Regeneration, development, progress
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