Table 4 Sub-group analysis
Variable | No. of studies | SMD (95% CI) | I2 | Q-value | df | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anxiety | ||||||
Risk of bias | ||||||
High | 40 | − 0.41 (− 0.57 to − 0.26) | 80.73 | 0.64 | 1 | 0.43 |
Low | 6 | − 0.25 (− 0.62 to 0.11) | 57.36 | |||
Mode of delivery | ||||||
Mixed | 1 | − 0.13 (− 0.87 to 0.62) | 0% | 3.0 | 2 | 0.22 |
Onsite | 33 | − 0.47 (− 0.64 to − 0.30) | 83.10% | |||
Technology | 12 | − 0.22 (− 0.48 to 0.04) | 31.54% | |||
Format of delivery | ||||||
Group | 28 | − 0.30 (− 0.48 to − 0.11) | 48.56% | 2.72 | 2 | 0.26 |
Individual | 15 | − 0.53 (− 0.77 to − 0.29) | 90.84% | |||
Mixed | 1 | − 0.13 (− 0.97 to 0.72) | 0% | |||
Type of therapy | ||||||
Multicomponent | 28 | − 0.38 (− 0.56 to − 0.21) | 80.59% | 0.004 | 1 | 0.95 |
Relaxation only | 18 | − 0.39 (− 0.62 to − 0.17) | 77.73% | |||
Booster sessions | ||||||
No | 37 | − 0.38 (− 0.54 to − 0.22) | 70.76% | 0.90 | 2 | 0.34 |
Yes | 5 | − 0.59 (− 1.00 to − 0.18) | 94.96% | |||
Intervention focus | ||||||
Preventive | 24 | − 0.38 (− 0.56 to − 0.19) | 74.81% | 1.07 | 2 | 0.59 |
Treatment | 21 | − 0.42 (− 0.62 to − 0.22) | 83.70% | |||
Both | 1 | 0.25 (− 1.02 to 1.51) | 0% | |||
Depression | ||||||
Risk of bias | ||||||
High | 40 | − 0.30 (− 0.55 to − 0.16) | 77.92% | 0.68 | 1 | 0.41 |
Low | 10 | − 0.18 (− 0.44 to 0.09) | 68.35% | |||
Mode of delivery | ||||||
Mixed | 1 | − 0.23 (− 1.02 to 0.56) | 0 | 0.15 | 2 | 0.93 |
Onsite | 38 | − 0.29 (− 0.44 to − 0.14) | 70.79% | |||
Technology | 11 | − 0.24 (− 0.49 to 0.02) | 57.46% | |||
Format of delivery | ||||||
Group | 33 | − 0.21 (− 0.37 to − 0.05) | 70.65% | 1.88 | 2 | 0.39 |
Individual | 14 | − 0.41 (− 0.65 to − 0.17) | 86.06% | |||
Mixed | 1 | − 0.23 (− 1.032 to 0.57) | 0% | |||
Type of therapy | ||||||
Multicomponent | 29 | − 0.26 (− 0.34 to − 0.06) | 70.07% | 0.14 | 1 | 0.71 |
Relaxation only | 21 | − 0.27 (− 0.45 to − 0.08) | 83.02% | |||
Booster sessions | ||||||
No | 42 | − 0.31 (− 0.47 to − 0.19) | 78.64% | 1.75 | 1 | 0.19 |
Yes | 4 | − 0.03 (− 0.45 to 0.39) | 67.58% | |||
Intervention focus | ||||||
Both | 1 | − 0.13 (− 1.36 to 1.10) | 0% | 0.65 | 2 | 0.72 |
Preventive | 26 | − 0.32 (− 0.49 to − 0.15) | 79.92% | |||
Treatment | 23 | − 0.23 (− 0.41 to − 0.15) | 74.10% | |||
Distress | ||||||
Risk of bias | ||||||
High | 19 | − 0.43 (− 0.68 to − 0.17) | 86.23% | 0.85 | 1 | 0.36 |
Low | 4 | − 0.71 (− 1.25 to − 0.16) | 0% | |||
Mode of delivery | ||||||
Mixed | 0 | − | ||||
Onsite | 16 | − 0.62 (− 0.87 to − 0.38) | 88.39% | 6.28 | 1 | 0.01 |
Technology | 6 | − 0.06 (− 0.42 to 0.30) | 33.49% | |||
Format of delivery | ||||||
Group | 14 | − 0.47 (− 0.78 to − 0.17) | 64.06% | 2.31 | 2 | 0.31 |
Individual | 6 | − 0.64 (− 1.08 to − 0.19) | 93.72% | |||
Mixed | 2 | 0.02 (− 0.71 to 0.75) | 45.24% | |||
Type of therapy | ||||||
Multicomponent | 13 | − 0.60 (− 0.90 to − 0.29) | 90.07% | 1.42 | 1 | 0.23 |
Relaxation only | 10 | − 0.30 (− 0.67 to 0.07) | 61.69% | |||
Booster sessions | ||||||
No | 19 | − 0.38 (− 0.64 to − 0.11) | 79.86% | 3.28 | 1 | 0.07 |
Yes | 4 | − 0.96 (− 1.53 to − 0.39) | 95.87% | |||