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Table 1 Paired sample t-test of clinical characteristics at baseline and follow-up (N = 40)

From: Satisfaction with primary care and mental health care among individuals with severe mental illness in a rural area: a seven-year follow-up study of a clinical cohort

Variables

Baselinea

Follow-up

Improvement

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

CI 95 %

p

Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS-E)b

 Positive symptoms

2.45 (1.13)

1.90 (1.01)

0.55 (1.10)

(0.20–0.90)

0.003

 Negative symptoms

2.08 (1.01)

1.58 (0.84)

0.50 (0.95)

(0.19–0.81)

0.002

 Depression anxiety

2.48 (1.11)

1.89 (0.83)

0.59 (1.37)

(0.15–1.03)

0.010

 Manic hostility

1.97 (1.07)

1.72 (1.10)

0.25 (0.94)

(−0.05–0.55)

0.104

 BPRS mean total score

2.23 (0.68)

1.82 (0.80)

0.41 (0.70)

(0.18–0.63)

0.001

Health of the Nation Rating Scales (HoNOS)b

 1. Overactive, aggressive or agitated behavior

1.13 (1.28)

0.37 (0.68)

0.76 (1.05)

(0.42–1.11)

<0.001

 2. Non-accidental self-injury

0.47 (0.86)

0.16 (0.37)

0.32 (0.93)

(0.01–0.62)

0.044

 3. Problem drinking or drug-taking

0.24 (0.68)

0.08 (0.49)

0.16 (0.50)

(−0.01–0.33)

0.057

 4. Cognitive problems

1.13 (1.38)

0.63 (0.94)

0.50 (1.13)

(0.13–0.87)

0.010

 5. Physical illness or disability

0.57 (0.96)

0.89 (1.18)

–0.32 (1.00)

(−0.66–0.01)

0.057

 6. Hallucinations and delusions

2.00 (1.41)

1.24 (1.34)

0.76 (1.64)

(0.23–1.30)

0.007

 7. Depressed mood

1.35 (1.41)

0.60 (0.94)

0.74 (1.62)

(0.17–1.30)

0.012

 8. Other mental and behavior problems

0.97 (1.19)

0.84 (1.19)

0.14 (1.53)

(−0.38–0.65)

0.595

 9. Problems with relationships

2.11 (1.16)

1.58 (1.13)

0.53 (1.08)

(0.17–0.88)

0.005

 10. Problems in activities of daily living

1.71 (1.45)

1.53 (1.22)

0.18 (1.45)

(−0.29–0.66)

0.438

 11. Problems with living conditions

0.92 (1.28)

0.45 (0.76)

0.47 (1.43)

(0.00–0.94)

0.048

 12. Problems with occupation and activities

1.05 (1.14)

0.97 (1.33)

0.08 (1.53)

(−0.42–0.58)

0.752

Practical and Social Functioning Scale (PSF)b

 A. Care for health

4.62 (3.54)

8.18 (2.51)

3.56 (3.43)

(2.45–4.68)

<0.001

 B. Self-care/clothes

6.77 (3.48)

8.18 (2.51)

1.41 (2.91)

(0.47–2.35)

0.004

 C. Meals and food

6.33 (3.30)

7.79 (2.93)

1.46 (3.55)

(0.31–2.61)

0.014

 D. Care for belongings

6.82 (3.42)

8.28 (2.08)

1.46 (2.94)

(0.51–2.41)

0.004

 E. Managing finances

7.10 (3.14)

8.13 (3.14)

1.03 (3.06)

(0.03–2.02)

0.043

 F. Use of transportation

5.05 (3.33)

6.18 (3.49)

1.13 (2.89)

(0.19–2.07)

0.020

 G. Social contact

5.74 (3.49)

6.13 (3.21)

0.38 (3.13)

(−0.63–1.40)

0.448

 H. Conversations

5.82 (3.08)

8.38 (2.86)

2.56 (2.56)

(1.73–3.39)

<0.001

 I. Ability to work

5.85 (3.11)

7.38 (3.23)

1.54 (3.49)

(0.41–2.67)

0.009

 J. Leisure activities

4.31 (3.02)

5.51 (2.68)

1.21 (3.11)

(0.20–2-21)

0.020

Global Assessment Scale (Split GAF)b

 GAF symptoms

32 (13)

45 (20)

13 (19)

(7–20)

<0.001

 GAF functioning

36 (11)

47 (18)

11 (18)

(517)

<0.001

  1. aRated retrospectively based on patient records prior to the follow-up study interview
  2. bScores for the BPRS-E range from 1 (none) to 7 (extremely severe). Scores for the HoNOS range from 0 (no problem) to 4 (severe to very severe problem). Scores for the PSF range from 0 to 10 (sum of five items of functioning rated 0–2, where 0 is “not true”, 1 is “partly true or true part of the time”, and 2 is “true or true the whole time”). Scores for the GAF range from 1 (as severe as possible) to 100 (as well as possible)
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International Journal of Mental Health Systems

ISSN: 1752-4458